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    Chapter 3 | Her Resplendent Face (with audio)

    Mumtaz Hussain
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    Chapter 3 | Her Resplendent Face (with audio)

    Portrait in Words | Mumtaz Hussain

    The Alphabet of the Image | Mumtaz Hussain’s short stories with paintings

    Posing nude for a Zahoor painting was a privilege, an event for any woman. A complete portrait reflects the heart’s innermost emotions, pain, and wisdom interpreted onto the rough surface of the canvas. 

    Zahoor had yet to paint that portrait, which could be the key to his soul. He searched for himself; his secrets and desires lay deep inside him, but he couldn’t reach them. Zahoor had painted many beautiful faces, yet that wasn’t enough for him. He felt empty inside. Beauty alone didn’t quench his thirst. He wanted a look in which he could see his true self. He wanted to feel alive, content, and perhaps even complete. He wanted a face that would pull at his heartstrings and change the monotonous heartbeat to which he had become immune. Zahoor wanted to feel life fully. 

    Today, Suzan Velonsky, the most beautiful woman in the world, sits before him. She has broken many hearts and enjoys torturing his friends’ bodies somewhat sadomasochistic ally. As usual, she is high on heroin. Her scantily clad photo cover for Cosmopolitan Magazine has set many a heart beating. While the whole world is dying over her divine beauty, she is dying for Zahoor. All this stimulates his creative mind and engenders magic sparks from his conical finger. Whoever stares at his paintings will turn into a stone statue. 

    Today, as usual, Suzan’s high on ecstasy. Absorbed, Zahoor stares at her naked body, starting with her moonlike face. Upon this perfect circle of a look are perched the two perfect circles of her eyes, a circle’s distance between the two. Under these round eyes lie the rounded arches of her cheekbones and the small convex semicircle of her lips. Below them were her slender neck, and between her two round shoulders, the bowl-like circles of her soft breasts. And in the center of the tummy sits her raisin-like navel. But when Zahoor emerges from his imaginative trance, he examines the canvas and finds a single circle. Deep in thought, Zahoor gazes at this circle. He has seen magnificently attractive women. And has been streaked by the visual appeal of the moon, sun, and earth. They convince him that the most splendid form in the world is a circle. The circle is proportionate from all sides and evenly connected to its core center. It is a complete shape in itself. 

    But Zahoor was in search of his soul, his purpose. He marvels at the exquisiteness of Suzan’s naked body. It reads like a sermon for his masterwork. He is still searching for his soul. This leaves only a simple circle on the canvas, continually encircles his eyes. However, there’s no way yet to enter the circle. It is sealed shut like the gates of a fort upon the kettledrum’s announcement on a night. Zahoor’s anxiety keeps him distressed and perplexed throughout the night; he hopes that either Muezzin’s call for prayer or the first ray of the sun might rouse the watchman to open the deadbolt of the gate to let Zahoor enter.

    Nonetheless, the gates remained closed. (He was shouted out) After waking up from her intoxicated coma, Suzan sees Zahoor arguing with his canvas. Upon looking at the canvas, she could not understand it, and Suzan started crying and cried out, “I’m not beautiful!” 

     Zahoor tried to convince her that only magnificent beauty would yield the perfect Circle. “It’s because you are total beauty.” Suzan was pleased to hear his praise, but she still didn’t understand his aesthetic. She was cheered that such a well-known artist praised her.

    ****

    After this, Zahoor stopped painting and locked up his studio. In his heart, he no longer desired to paint. His inspiration had fled. His mind was on gridlock, where beauty once flourished, where youthful passion rained. Gradually, his life’s savings ended up breaking. Suzan offered to help, but his swollen pride wouldn’t let him accept. He knew no other profession nor wanted to do any additional work. While strolling downtown and feeling financial distress, one day, he came across a few tattoo shops near Astor Place. He was fascinated by their shades and the colorful paintings on the body’s canvas. With a needle screwed into a tattoo-making gun, the color would fill up the naked body at the cost of oozing blood. It was like shedding blood and tears over his incomplete, projected masterpiece. As he watched this new process, excitement took over. He discovered pleasure in pain. The experience of agony blended with ecstasy seemed to compensate for his sense of failure. It was the price of a minor satisfaction, whereas sweet pain is not such a bad deal. Achieving the look of beauty at the cost of saccharine pain might be a worthwhile endeavor. He inquired of the store owner, who demanded some experience. Zahoor told him he was a creative artist willing to learn the art of tattooing bodies. The store owner hired him on the condition that he knew without pay. Zahoor enthusiastically accepted and, in no time, became a master of this trade. 

    Suzan continued to live with him. She earned a whole year’s rent in a single day. Always on ecstasy or heroin, she would sleep all day and visit the most expensive bars at night. Wealthy people paid any price in jewels or gifts to be in her company. Wealth, fame, and beauty were her handmaids. Suzan’s attractive and magical image sold many products through eye-catching ads in prominent magazines. But her breathtaking beauty was just an ornate goblet for Zahoor, another ornament on the shelf above his fireplace. One neither filled with liquid nor dry, yet holding the fragrant jasmine of his soul.

    One day, one of Zahoor’s friends got an infection from a tattoo on his back. Zahoor went to the hospital to visit him but, by mistake, ended up in the ward for Craniofacial Anomalies. It was a strange, new place to him. So, he asked just what craniofacial anomalies were. The nurse explained: “Anomaly” meant “abnormal.” And “Craniofacial” refers to the head and facial bones. Human beings who are afflicted look different from most others. Zahoor thanked her and left the hospital, only to come upon an Indian girl with an unusual face. The circle of her left eye was hollow, broken, and incomplete as it stretched downwards. There was a gap between her nose and lips like an unstitched wound that had healed on its own. Her face was an incomplete circle, which protruded from a whopping bump.

    Zahoor’s heart knocked at his soul’s door. “Here’s a beauty whose doors are wide open. Doing her portrait would help me meet my soul”. Zahoor nervously asked her, “Are you from India?” She covered her breast tightly with her books. He noticed that they were about craniofacial anomalies. “Yes, I used to live in Delhi, and now I’ve lived in New York for several years. What about you?” He replied, “I’ve also lived here for several years and don’t even remember when I was born, but it was in Pakistan.” He sighed deeply. She asked if he was in pain. He told her that sometimes the rawness of beauty wounded him. And that every wound bears a tale. The girl was astonished and asked, “The story of my wound? I don’t have a wound. If you’re judging me by my face, let me enlighten you that I was born like this. My mother told me that the universe shifted gears when I was born. The sun got stuck in an eclipse, the moon hid behind the stars, and the earth spun out of control But the ox, or the bull that held up this earth, had only one horn. So when he got tired, he switched his horn” She went on, “I may be different, but I am not wounded.” Zahoor extended his hand to her and introduced himself. My name is Sundermukhi. Zahoor’s eyes shimmered as he told her he was an artist, but his studio was shut down. 

    She asked why. He told her that his heart was searching for his soul and that his former style had disappeared. She said to him that his style was very enigmatic. I am aware of your art; you are one of the leading painters from south Asia. Then they parted ways with a promise to meet again. Zahoor sensed that Sundermuki’s beautiful face might open the locked door of his heart. He was convinced her portrait would be the only masterpiece to free his heart and soul. After a long wait, they met at a restaurant, and after dinner, he said. “I would love to paint your portrait.” After a while, she agreed. 

    Zahoor was ecstatic. He had found his new muse; his professional life would start again. He informed art dealers that he was coming back. That became the raging news of the art circles. Zahoor was painting again! He bade goodbye to his tattoo job, even though it was another aspect of his profession. He kept his gun and pigments as a souvenir. Like a bridegroom in high spirits, Zahoor decorated his studio impatiently and impulsively, like passionate waves crashing against the shore. Suzan was delighted that he was painting once again. And was still very much in love with him. Of course, Zahoor didn’t tell her about Sundermukhi, who was supposed to arrive at noon to sit as his model. He assembled all his paint materials. He could hardly wait. He couldn’t sleep the previous night with all that excitement, lust, and thrill moving coursing through him. Suzan thought this was because he was excited by his return to painting. Zahoor was surprised when he restlessly arrived at the studio to find the door open, pigment boxes adequately arranged, and the brushes aligned and ready. Even the brush cleaning oil was on the table. Then he saw Suzan naked in an intoxicated stupor, lying as usual in front of Zahoor’s canvas. Next to the brush cleaning container lay an unopened envelope addressed to him. He saw it was from Sundermuki, and he opened it with great disappointment that she had changed her mind. “My face is an open book; it should not be imprisoned within the four walls of a canvas prison.” Zahoor was heartbroken and sad. He sat down on the chair to pull himself together. When he looked up, he saw before him the enraptured and intoxicated Suzan; He felt a sudden shock wave hit his head. He grabbed the tattoo machine filled with paint and tattooed the imagery of Sundermuki all over Suzan’s face. 

    Portrait in Words | Mumtaz Hussain

    The Alphabet of the Image |
    Mumtaz Hussain’s short stories with paintings

    See:

    Pakistani Mumtaz Hussain Bags 2024 International Impact Book Award (April 23, 2024)

    Historic Win for Pakistani-American at International Impact Book Awards (April 13, 2024)

    Chapter 2 | When the Rain Shines through the Sunlight (with audio)

    Mumtaz Hussain
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    Chapter 2 | When the Rain Shines through the Sunlight (with audio)

    Portrait in Words | Mumtaz Hussain

    The Alphabet of the Image | Mumtaz Hussain’s short stories with paintings

    The sound of a person sobbing forced Hina to turn and look behind the tree. In the middle of Lawrence Garden, a handsome young man sits on a stone bench under the tree’s shadow. He held a little velvet box while shedding tears of grief.

    Hina could not control herself. She walked over and sat down next to Thim. “Please take this box,” he said, pushing it toward her, wiping his tears with a handkerchief. She tried to respond but was not able to move her lips. The young man insisted. “It would be a great favor to me if you kept this ring.” Hina glanced at it. The small velvet box was engraved with “Tiffany & Co.” She knew of rich and famous people who exchanged gifts from this company. Suddenly, Hina was drowning in thought. Could the prince charming of her dreams ornament my finger with this Tiffany ring? The young man opened the box and asked again, “Can you please take this diamond ring? It has no value to me.”

    Hina answered, “Why should I take your ring? You should give it to whomever you wish to marry.” She looked at him, paused, and continued, “Sorry. I was trying to be humble. You look well-educated and from a good family. But I’m bashful about talking to you – a stranger. Even if I want to accept this ring, I don’t know you.” She turned to go. 

     “Stop. My name is Rafit!” He said while extending the hand that was previously clutching the handkerchief. “I belong why so many hyphens to a decent family.” Hina took his hand hesitantly. “I am Hina Yousaf,” he said. “My full name is Rafiat Sultan, and I work for Armo Company in the WAPDA House building at a minor post. I just graduated with a master’s degree, and this is my first job.”

    Hina was astonished that a man in a minor post could afford a Tiffany ring and asked him about it. “Yes, it’s a long story.” Raffiat sighed deeply. “Please have a seat.” They sat together on a bench, the same court in the opposite direction facing each other. He told her that he was studying at Punjab University. One of his classmates was the daughter of a renowned politician and feudal lord, Shahnawaz Daultana. “We climbed the ladder of attraction and opened the window of our affinity. We were so tied together and couldn’t endure being apart.” As he spoke, he noticed the shrunken lines of her face expanding. The spark of a Tiffany ring shone in Hina’s eyes. He told her that he bought the ring by selling his belongings and spending his life savings, which was the only way to accomplish his dream of marrying her. He borrowed money, asked for help from his American friends, and bowed to her every wish. “Today, she demolished the castle of my dreams. The same thing might happen in a Bollywood film ending with a feudal lord’s father humiliating and removing a poor clerk during a fancy ball. I hate all those feudal lords whose veins flow with golden water rather than blood. They weigh flowers like love and honesty against the heavy weight of a diamond.”

    Rafiat observed Hina’s glistening eyes. “Now you tell me. What kind of love can bring me comfort? This lifeless, glittering ring lacks the warmth to melt the ice of grief and sorrow inside me. I wouldn’t say I like this ring. Its shine stings me like a venomous female snake!” He thrust the ring toward her. “Please. You keep this one.” He gasped with tears and covered his face with his hands. “It was my late mother’s wish to see my happy family. She longed for grandchildren.” He began to sob uncontrollably. Hina felt intense sympathy. She felt so sorry for Rafiat and was angry at the rich.

    Rafiat continued to cry. “Please forgive me. I don’t know why I felt so comfortable that I revealed everything. As my mother said – someone can build a canopy to provide shade of love and protect against sunbeams of hatred.” Hina moved toward Rafiat’s shadow. Her defenses were lowered. “I work in the Alflah building close to the WAPDA house. My parents live in Sheikhopura. I’m a clerk in a bank and share an apartment in Rivas Garden with a friend from Gujranwala. She is gone for a few days to visit back home. If you’re not busy, I’ve prepared and wrapped a thread around a bitter gourd before cooking. We can have it for dinner. On one condition. That you keep your ring. Rifiat opened the box and showed her the sparkling ring with one dazzling diamond in the center and three small ones surrounding it. There was space for a fourth, which was missing. She wondered if the diamond had fallen out. In the meantime, a sparkling raindrop equal to the size of the missing diamond dropped onto the marble bench with a slight thump. Hina looked at the sky and started to laugh. “Look! See the rain through the sunshine. I heard that when jackals get married, rain falls through sunbeams. “The rain then turned into a hail storm, and they ran to the road, hopped into a rickshaw, and headed towards Hina’s place. Rafiat handed the ring to Hina, who accepted it quietly. Upon arriving at the apartment, she placed the ring box in the middle of the coffee table and started cooking.

    While eating dinner, Riffat slowly unwrapped the thread from the bitter gourd and unwrapped the clothes from her body. They both enjoyed the taste of the bitter gourd and amused themselves with desire. They satisfied their bellies and then moved on to fulfill regions below their bellies…

    When Hina woke up after a sound sleep, neither Riffat nor the ring was to be found.

    ******

    On Sunday, all the offices were closed. But Lahore Museum, Lahore Zoo, and the department stores were open. Dolly was visiting Pakistan from the US. Her mother always forced her to spend the holidays with her sister in Karachi. If she happened to find a suitable husband, she would love to make her hands yellow with henna despite the blue American passport she possessed. She felt like the majority of young Pakistani Americans who throw away their lives watching fare meters by driving yellow cabs. Some young Pakistanis even marry their relatives to get US citizenship. Or they get married on paper while working day and night to pay the expenses of their white or black girlfriends and boyfriends. While doing Michael Jackson’s moonwalk, Dolly was looking for a Pakistani wearing blue jeans with a Giorgio Armani label on his butt. One who leaves work by calling out, “have a nice day!” She thought she could live a comfortable life if she found a Pakistani husband wrapped in Calvin Klein designer packaging.

    As soon as she was bored with Karachi, she left for Lahore. Come what may, Lahore in the monsoon will be filled with mangoes submerged in water buckets. The entire city of Lahore gathered at the dried bank of River Ravi to wish that the moon would soon shed rain and fill the river. She settled in the Pearl Continental dining hall next to the swimming pool. When she purchased in dollars, it gave her the impression that there was a 99-cent sale at a buy one, get one free rate. 

    It was Sunday, and the entire city was barren. She decided to visit the Lahore Museum, and as soon as she stepped up the museum’s stairs, she heard a sobbing sound. She turned and saw a young man gazing at a small velvet box on the table next to the museum’s empty canteen chairs. Dolly approached him and spoke to him sympathetically in her American accent. She asked about his crying. Rifiat answered in English, “Please take this.” Her eyes and mouth opened as soon as she glanced at the box. “Wow! You’re giving this expensive thing away to a stranger?” She refused to accept it and scanned the young man quite like the Xray scanners at airport security. The boy was tall, had a Caesar haircut, sizeable and intelligent eyes of jade color, and a shaved beard framing an angular jaw. Thick hair peeped out above his shirt, which covered a broad chest. New, fashionable, and tight-fitting clothes covered his body. Dolly lifted her eyebrow, thought this fellow was striking and spoke English. So, she extended her hand. “My name is Dolly, and I’m here on vacation.”

    Rafiat told his story with grief. “I am not rich, but my fiancé belonged to a feudal lord’s family. To fulfill her wishes, I spent all my life’s savings and took loans to buy a ring from Tiffany’s. But today, her feudal lord father humiliated me and threw me out of his house. Even my girlfriend couldn’t stop it.” Rifiat did not have to put on much more salt and pepper to make the story spicier. My love was sincerely offered. But this Tiffany’s ring wasn’t enough to convey my passion. Please take this ring – I hate it. My late mother wanted me to have a family. Still, she is now already buried, and so is her hope.” Dolly imagined him as her husband. He is educated, unlike other Pakistanis. He doesn’t abuse phrases like “over here” and “over there” when he speaks English. He has a lovely British accent and is like a rare, high-priced sculpture piece in a museum from the British Raj era. And he will endow me with this Tiffany ring. Dolly impulsively invited him to go somewhere. Perhaps a diversion will make him feel better.

    They both went to the outdoor swimming pool at Pearl Hotel to scrutinize the half-naked foreigners. Dolly asked him where he lived. He told her that he didn’t know how or where he might spend this gloomy night. “Why don’t you sleep here?” She asked. “Only if you accept this ring,” he answered heavily. Dolly blushed as she opened the box to see the large diamond surrounded by three others, but a fourth was missing. Suddenly, raindrops started to fall into the swimming pool. Dolly laughed when she saw the sun wink into the pool with one eye closed. She held Rafiat’s hand. He said, “Somewhere, a jackal is getting married.” They laughed and ran to the hotel room. Dolly placed the ring into the dresser among her fragrance bottles. She pressed a button, causing the window curtains to close. Rafait started to uncover her body, taking her clothes off. In the morning, Dolly woke up to find the ring missing and Rafiat. She smiled intuitively, wondering if he was having breakfast at Tiffany’s.

    As usual, everyone in Rafiat’s office was interested in hearing about his ring adventure of the week. Javid asked, “Why don’t you like Dolly? She’s an American citizen!” He replied, “No, my dear. I’ve performed this dramatic piece of love with so many girls, but no single girl has enough room in her bosom to shelter me. All these dolls are made of plastic. They fill up the air. They can’t give you more than a five-second jolt of the body. I’m searching for an apricot tree with dense shade and unripe fruit with a sour taste to amuse me. Well, I have to disappear early today. I am going to see my father in Islamabad. He misses me and is very lonely after my mother’s death.”

    Rifiat’s father was waiting for him. As soon as Rifiat arrived, he bombarded him with questions. “Why don’t you call? Why don’t you answer the phone?” He went on to say, “This large mansion haunts me. Why don’t you find a job here in Islamabad? I know many people here.” Rafiat responded, “Dad, this city haunts me too. People live like machines from 9-to-5. Maybe like them, you should learn to live like a machine. Walk with them. Your computer is your best friend. Why don’t you also go crazy on Facebook, looking at all the beautiful faces? And if you’re sick of temporary friendships, there’s a solution in online dating. 

    His father replied, “Marriage at my age. Why don’t you get married? Bring happiness back into your home?”

    Rafiat went on to say, “Dad, I’m like you. Always with exclusive taste and never liked anyone. Only mother could win your heart.” Rafiat’s father replied, “as soon as I meet an exceptional girl, you will be the first to know.”

    When Rafiat returned to Lahore, he became swamped – working days and nights. On weekends, his friends organized a party at Javid’s house. Javid brought imported liquor. Abrar Khaba promised food. As the evening started to spread its color, the party started. A woman introduced herself to the group. “My name is Subuhi,” she said as she shook everyone’s hands. Rafiat didn’t pay any attention, but later, during dinner took notice of her. She displayed honesty, elegance, style, and grace. He began to think of all the girls who would do anything for a diamond ring. They are no better than her. Subuhi was incomparable in her looks, so the other guys vied for her attention, starting with the owner of the house, who was the first to sleep with her. Rafiat became lost in his thoughts and didn’t fight for his turn to sleep with her. He was the last. Eventually, Subuhi stepped away after performing sex with everyone. “I’m exhausted,” she told Rafiat. He readily understood. By that time, everyone was tired and drunk. Some went home to their wives, and others slept there, unconscious. 

    Rafiat sat alone and thought of her. There are no differences between us, he thought. She’s even better in some ways. She’s honest. Don’t betray. While I lie to others, making a fool of them. He evaluated himself. If my boss’s ugly wife, fat as a buffalo, promised to give me a promotion or threatened to fire me, I would be willing to sleep with her. It is difficult to sell your body against your desire, bearing the burden of a fat body. And she was smiling while allowing an unfamiliar person to enter her body. He shivered in fear and then stood up in a panic.

    Subuhi stepped out onto the balcony from the bedroom. She was smoking with a bed sheet wrapped around her body. As she stood on the patio, cigarette smoke pumped air into her body like air into a bicycle tire. She was building up the energy to get squeezed again. In the moonlight, her bosoms connected the bones of her shoulders. To Rifiat, she was like a lioness who defeated several animals and was ready again for a duel. And like a lioness, she let her husband sleep while she hunted food for her children. Subuhi was brave, beautiful, intelligent, and educated. Rafiat thought that if she were his life partner, she would be ready for anything. She would never say that she is weak or helpless. He decided that this was the woman who would fill his life.

    He called her into the bedroom. She was ready for her job and dropped the sheet from her body. She was like a statue of a goddess glittering in the moonlight. Rafiat never saw such a body. He picked up the dropped sheet and wrapped her back up. With one corner, he covered her head. And then he asked her to marry him. Subuhi fell laughing and said, “Don’t worry, Mister. I will give you pleasure more than once. I’m familiar with the chocolate-covered promises men give women before taking them to bed.” Rafiat replied, “I’m telling you the truth.” Subuhi cackled, “Why don’t you visit me and see where I live? And then the intoxication of your kindness will evaporate just like your imported liquor.” Rafiat told her, “I’m telling you the truth. Love is not a free sample at the fragrance counter in a department store.” She stood up and asked, “Do you want to sleep with me, or should I leave?” Rafiat shook his head and said, “Without love, making love is like rowing a boat in an ocean of sand. My whole life, I’ve been rowing a boat going nowhere.”

    Rafiat believed that she was the only person to have touched his soul. Love blended with pleasure to make a home in the bottom of his heart. “Please let me take you home,” he asked. Subuhi’s body was tired like a caught animal. She wanted to go home. He got her home address and put her in a rickshaw. After she left, he couldn’t sleep as if poisoned by love. 

    He didn’t care if his friends reacted sarcastically. They’ll rebuke him. You are marrying a girl who slept with his friends one after another for sleeping with the girl he’s marrying with a girl so often that she was like a blooming flower in a taunting flame. He talked to Javid, who laughed at him. “You must be joking! I heard that Anarkali’s dancing grace conquered Prince Saleem. But never heard of this. A woman who has slept with all your friends, one by one, and then you fall in love with that grace.” Rafiat told him that love is the fire when you don’t have to ask for a match stick. This is a fire that is lit on its own. After two weeks of deep thinking, he decided to tell her everything. He wanted to tell her, “You are the only girl I can love and want to marry.”

    He picked up the Tiffany ring and went to her house. He told her about the ring’s history and left it on her living room table. While speaking the truth, he wept and pushed the ring toward her. “Please accept this. “ He then told her about his father, who had a spacious house and wanted his son to live with him. He left the ring with a promise to return after one week. Subuhi opened the box and viewed the ring with a large diamond in the center and three diamonds surrounding it, with one missing. She smiled and thought, “Your name is not Subuhi, the call girl. You are Dr. Subuhi, the psychologist. Rafiat wants to marry me, but he is mentally sick. His diagnosis was not made by a lab test or a physical exam because his symptom is guilt. When his guilt fever goes down, the fairy of his dreams will again be a hooker. Yes, I’d like to get married and settled. I’d love to get away from that Kotha brothel, but I want to be the Mrs. of a bungalow. Not with a strong, muscular young man, but rather a strong shoulder of support. Instead of someone taking pleasure in my fresh-tight body, I need someone to love the loose pores and wrinkles.”

    After two weeks, Rafiat took a short leave from his office and left for Islamabad. He informed his father in advance that he had news. He tried to get home quickly and took a luxury coach followed by a cab. When he paid for the cab, big raindrops began to fall. He smiled as he looked up into the sky filled with sunshine and rain. Happily, he reached for the shower and closed his fist around a raindrop.

    As soon as he reached the drawing room and passed through the veranda, he found a small velvet box. He ran to pick it up and felt a thump upon opening it. His father’s voice forced him to turn. Son, I was waiting for you to tell you something. A few days back, when I was feeling blue, I went to Shakarparian Park. When I entered, I heard sobbing and found a girl weeping while sitting on a park bench. She held this box and wanted me to take it. Rafiat inspected it. It was the same Tiffany ring that he had given to Subuhi. He looked up to find Subuhi standing there. His father exclaimed, “I married her!” He then introduced them. Rafiat then looked at the empty fourth hole of the ring. It was filled with a diamond. Then he opened his fist. There was no rain drop.

    Portrait in Words | Mumtaz Hussain

    The Alphabet of the Image |
    Mumtaz Hussain’s short stories with paintings

    See:

    Pakistani Mumtaz Hussain Bags 2024 International Impact Book Award (April 23, 2024)

    Historic Win for Pakistani-American at International Impact Book Awards (April 13, 2024)

    Chapter 1 | The Barking Crow (with audio)

    Mumtaz Hussain
    -
    0
    Chapter 1 | The Barking Crow (with audio)

    Portrait in Words | Mumtaz Hussain

    The Alphabet of the Image | Mumtaz Hussain’s short stories with paintings

    I was dying of thirst, and rain had been banished from the skies. The clouds were intoxicated elephants waving their trunks at me, shapes transforming into a steam vortex. I longed to ascend and enter them to quench my thirst, but when I opened my elongated beak and penetrated a gigantic black cloud, utter darkness engulfed me. I found myself flying in a dry ocean of sky but determined to proceed to the ground and fulfill my fate, I shriveled my wings, wrapping them around my body, and took a downward plunge. After that, I saw dense smoke rising from a mud house behind a grove of trees.

    My beak burst with joy, clacking like a wedding ceremony had just ended. I shifted my torso, looking left and right, and flew toward the smoking mud house, where curry (Kofta) and rice (biryani) were made over large outdoor fires. There, a portly chef scooped water into a giant bucket. I spread my wings and stretched my legs, planning to grab hold of the bucket with my claws. 

    “Hey, you uninvited clown!” the chef bellowed, throwing his shoe at my face. The shoe flew over my beak with a loud zoon. “The circumcision ceremony is a half-day away. You’re here too early with your silly kayn kayn sounds.”

    One of the boys from the group yelled suddenly, “Look at that white crow!” he loaded a pebble into his slingshot. A white crow had never before been seen in this part of Pakistan. 

    I told myself that life is a sweeter drink, that I had better try my luck elsewhere, and escaped just as the pebble approached my skull. I opened my half-dead eyes in another flash and stood in a cattle barn with an abandoned water pitcher at my feet. I put my thirst-stricken beak to the rim of the pitcher, delighted that I might drink a few days’ water quotas in one quick gulp. I spread my wings once more, extended my legs, and braced the pitcher with my claws, assessing the risks on all sides and thanking god that the only threat in view was a buffalo lashing its tail from side to side. I extended my neck, then passed through the mouth of the pitcher and reached into its belly. I couldn’t touch water, so I pulled my neck out and angled my head to peek inside with just one eye. Sparkling water refracted sunlight. 

    I put some pressure on my brain. What should I do? Make use of my intelligence? Apply scientific formulas? Glancing around, I remembered the boy who’d loaded a pebble into his slingshot. His image took hold of me—I don’t know why—and my neck began jerking—stone, gravel, and pebble. A rock could be both a threat and my savior! The water level would rise if I dropped a pebble into the pitcher. My thirst might finally be quenched. 

    Excitement pulsed through my bird body. I wanted to hop like a penguin in a black suit and tie. I peered around the barn again, my hopes and desires driving me, but instead of pebbles, I found clay. That would soak up my water rather than raise the surface. I needed solid rocks. 

    I flew toward the sky, and after that, a gust of wind threw me god knows where, and I awoke in a beautiful town where enormous white stone columns floated alongside a marble staircase that led to a white granite throne. The glorious god Zeus sat on the throne in splendid pomp and show. Thin white and blue curtains draped around the columns and quivered in the breeze, and a harp made of turtle bones produced a melodious song. It was such a beautiful, white supernatural town. I longed to be part of it, to spend the rest of my life there, eating crumbs from children’s hands and entertaining my relatives. In this heavenly world of white, I could blend so well that even the most beautiful peacock would feel inferior. 

    The god Zeus glanced down at me. “You will shine like the sun in my kingdom!” he declared. “You will alert us to threatening weather and storms. You will inform us of any approaching bad luck. I grant you will learn the secrets of the visible and invisible world.” 

    Joy enveloped me, and gratitude fortified my soul—I was to be Zeus’s messenger! —but the next day, Apollo summoned me to his chambers and announced that his cows were missing. 

    “You, white crow with the high qualities!” he intoned. “Zeus asks, ‘Where is my herd?’” 

    I faded in fear, bowed, and took a deep breath. “Oh, god, Apollo, if you promise me safety, I will tell the truth—but I have big news, and my beak is small.” 

    When Apollo promised to protect my life at last, I told him, “Your brother who is one day old. 

    It was the twelfth god of Olympus who spirited your herd away.” 

    Apollo flew into a rage. Fire blazed from his mouth, and smoke blew out his ears. “You lying bird! There are only eleven gods of Olympus; there is no twelfth!” He said, “I will teach you a lesson you will remember until Doomsday. I would wipe you off the face of the earth had I not promised you safety!” 

    My body began to transform. My white beak and wings turned black. I said to myself, I want to move out of this world and escape this war of gods. Why are they punishing me? Why am I the victim of Apollo’s anger? 

    And at that moment, I spotted a pebble near a large marble column. I secured it in my beak and bent my tail to chant a song:

    • Crow, Oh Crow,
    • You reign to reign
    • In this imperfect universe
    • In crippled time…
    • You are the keeper of mysteries,
    • Hoarding the filth of the world in your wings.
    • Swim, float, fly through this sky to the skies beyond you,
    • Holding the scene in your claws
    • As you pass through this heaven to another.
    • One day you are in the court of Zeus.
    • You dissolve into each world, the black and white portrait…
    • One day you witness the murder of Habeel.
    • One day you journey across the killing-field of Karo Kashatar.
    • In your eyes, you carry combat, holy waltzes, to future epochs.
    • Thirst in your beak, hope in your eyes, and on your tongue,
    • You recite the epic of the many lives.
    • You are the chronicler of history,
    • The messenger of mystery…
    • But in the landscape of my life,
    • Don’t you have anything but stones to throw?
    • Crow, Oh, Crow!

    I fled the heavens, returned to earth—to the barn and water pitcher—and threw my pebble into the depths. I angled my neck to see into the pitcher and strained to touch the water with my beak. Oh, dear! One pebble is not enough. I will have to get a hold of another stone. This time, though, I’ll find a larger one.

    I flew toward the sky, wanting to hum, but my dry throat silenced me, and the wind threw me into another world—a beautiful land of lush green fields and trees loaded with fruits. A cool breeze rustled the leaves, and waterfalls cascaded from the mountains, producing the sounds of harps. Adam and Eve ate apples, their bodies covered with leaves, and I was pleased that I could finally quench my thirst in a stream of milk. Perhaps I should spend the rest of my life in this world! 

    Milk gushed through the rocks. Be patient, I advised myself. The fruit of patience is always sweet. I thanked god for this opportunity and plunged into the stream, but a spear zoomed past me before my beak could touch the milk. I immediately took flight, descended into a grove of trees, and perched on a branch—I couldn’t believe my eyes! Adam’s twins, Habeel (Abel) and Qabeel, (Cain) were battling each other. 

    Habeel’s (Abel) herd of sheep and goats was grazing in a nearby field, and Qabeel’s (Cain) fruit was scattered across the land—but why were the twins fighting? Was it possible that God was not satisfied with Habeel’s (Abel) sacrifice of fruits after receiving such a large flock of animals from Habeel (Abel)? Did jealously drive Qabeel (Cain) to challenge his brother to a fight? Or maybe there was a lack of love in Qabeel’s (Cain) sacrifice. Or Habeel’s (Abel) wife was stunning, and Qabeel’s(Cain)  was plain? I knew their wives must be a source of contention.

    Qabeel (Cain) eventually quenched his anger with Habeel’s (Abel) blood. I thought momentarily that I should dip my beak in Habeel’s (Abel) blood, but I could not. I am a crow, not a human. I trembled, hid between the tree branches, and peered out at Qabeel (Cain), who calmly searched for a place to abandon Habeel’s (Abel)   body. 

    This was the first murder on earth. 

    My trembling made the leaves fall. Fear possessed me, and then light fell upon me, and I heard a booming voice: “I am God, and I command you to hollow out this earth with your beak to teach that human how to bury a man.” 

    I obeyed God’s order, and with my beak trembling, I began to teach Qabeel (Cain) to dig a grave—until panic seized me. What if Qabeel (Cain) buried me alive? I flew away in fear, clutching some pebbles I’d found while searching, and returned to the earth, where the pitcher remained. I am a native of the land and shall fulfill my needs from there. This magical and miraculous world is mere allegory and illusion. I shall satisfy my needs with knowledge, intelligence, and wisdom from the earth. 

    When I reached the pitcher, I threw my pebbles into it and rejoiced as the water’s surface rose. I moistened the edges of my beak with my tongue and lowered my head into the pitcher’s belly. My visor came very close to the water but still not close enough to drink. I yearned to dive into the pitcher but feared being trapped and buried like Habeel (Abel).

    I pulled myself together and again took flight, confident that this time only a few more pebbles would accomplish my mission. Menaced by dehydration, I flew all day under a blazing sun. At night I passed over smoking tents and found a Giant Banyan tree, inside which many crows were nesting. I searched around for familiar faces. 

    “Oh dear,” I whispered, “Where am I?” 

    A crow reluctantly opened his dreamy eyes. “Why are you disrupting my sleep? Let me sleep.” 

    Was this King Pandu’s camp? The army brigade and the king slept, drunk, and worn out from eating and dancing. What a feast they’d enjoyed! They’d licked their fingers, so to speak, and could eat as much as they wanted tomorrow. 

    I was exhausted and fell asleep on the highest branch of the Banyan tree until I was awoken by a hoodlum gang of owls that descended upon the crows in the bramble below me. These owls rousted the crows, slit their throats, and broke their wings. 

    I escaped by a hair’s breadth and looked downward; after that, I saw the Hindu King Asyathama laughing at the murders and dancing in ecstasy as an idea sparked in his mind. “I will draw the stream of blood from my enemies to quench the thirst of my vengeance,” he said. “I will take revenge on my father, and there will be a horrible war. My army will shoot arrows blindly, but if an arrow approaches me in error, I will sooner wash my hands of life than wash my claws with water.” 

    When Asyathama put his heavy foot down, the earth opened, and I found more pebbles. I clutched those pebbles tightly in my claws and flew directly to the pitcher. It was dawn. The farmers had begun plowing their fields. 

    When I released the pebbles into the pitcher, my heart sank because I still could not reach the water. My life was touching the lips of death. If I could not take a drink, my spirit could no longer inhabit my body. I gathered my strength, craned my neck, lowered my head, and strained again. At last! Thank god! I drank as much as I could. 

    ***

    The auditorium roared with applause. My essay, “The Barking Crow,” won first prize. The Master of Ceremonies walked across the stage to embrace me and put a medal around my neck. He said a few words: “Your name is Shabaz (eagle), but your writing is that of a crow.”

    ***

    When in high spirits, I always think like a crow. I am impressed by their qualities. Crows deliver messages from lovers because they bring hearts together. They are guardians of love. If a crow finds food, he summons his friends to share it. Humans don’t hesitate to steal others’ food and privileges. 

    As I walked toward home, I passed through the Urdu bazaar. The Badshahi Mosque loomed in front of me. Holding my medal, I silently prayed with all my heart: “Oh God, you granted me success. Please award me one wish. I’ve always seen myself with a crow’s countenance. Please transform me now into a real crow.” 

    I recited Koranic verses. I bowed at the doors of the Mosque. Soon my head began to shrink, my mouth and nose joined together, and my eyes moved to the far left and right sides of my face. Then I watched as my jaw narrowed and lengthened into a long black beak. My hands shriveled into wings, and my feet shrunk, transforming into claws. Black and gray feathers sprouted on my torso.

    “Am I a crow?” I asked myself. “Ka. Kayn. Kayan. Kon.” 

    I was delighted with the sound of my voice. Now I could fly up to the sky and see the whole world with a birds-eye view. I’d have the divine wisdom and intelligence of the prophets. 

    This was the most important day of my life. I longed to return to Jhang, my hometown in Punjab, where everyone falls in love and Heer waits for her Rangha. No one murders in the name of religion, politics, or race. I hummed a joyful song and flew toward my motherland. I stopped in Shahkot, where I spotted smoke rising from outdoor mud ovens alongside tents where clerics gathered for a religious ceremony. I figured something must be cooking, so I approached the tents and studied the shadows and sounds: two groups of men—all bearded and in turbans—sat together on a makeshift wooden stage. They formed a ring around a beheaded crow drenched in blood. 

    One cleric argued through a load speaker: “Today, we are gathered to fix the religion of Islam. We must confirm whether eating crow is Halal or Haram.” 

    What was I? Parrots and eagles were haram, forbidden; the sparrow, pigeon, and dove were halal, holy. 

    The cleric continued, “If the crow is Haram, then we feed our children crow and make them Haram.” 

    I recognized many of the clerics. One owned a spice business in Shaho di Garhi. I’d often witnessed how he mixed ground bricks with red chili powder. Another cleric, the proprietor of a gas business, added kerosene to the diesel he sold. Another owned a pharmacy, selling water instead of medicine, to grow his profits. 

    Income generated through illegal means was not Haram. If the clerics raised their children with Haram income, their children would not be Haram even if the crow is Halal and they gorged on me. So what business did they have determining my fate? Who were they to judge and punish crows?

    The meeting ended abruptly when a pious cleric detonated the suicide vest he wore beneath his robe. I will never understand this: suicide bombing is Halal, suicide is Haram. I hastily flew away from the explosion, perched on a tree branch, and pondered my fate. 

    Two fat tears rolled down my cheeks, warning me: if you are Halal, the people will kill and eat you; if you are Haram, the doors of paradise will be closed to you.

    Portrait in Words | Mumtaz Hussain

    The Alphabet of the Image |
    Mumtaz Hussain’s short stories with paintings

    See:

    Portrait in Words is available on Amazon’s Audible, narrated by Scott LeCote (4 hrs and 36 mins). Order here.

    Jim Luce Writes on Greco-Roman Civilization

    Jim Luce
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    Jim Luce Writes on Greco-Roman Civilization

    Greco-Roman civilization, encompassing the rich legacies of ancient Greece and Rome, forms the bedrock of Western culture and thought. It introduced foundational concepts in philosophy, governance, law, and the arts, which continue to influence contemporary society. Understanding this civilization helps us appreciate the origins of democratic ideals, legal principles, and artistic expressions that shape modern life. Additionally, studying the Greco-Roman world provides valuable insights into the evolution of human thought and societal structures, enhancing our comprehension of the world and our place within it. By exploring these ancient cultures, we gain a deeper appreciation for the enduring values and challenges that continue to resonate today.

    Follow Jim Luce on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, TikTok, and X (Twitter).

    © 2024 The Stewardship Report on Connecting Goodness – Towards Global Citizenship is published by The James Jay Dudley Luce Foundation Supporting & Educating Young Global Leaders is affiliated with Orphans International Worldwide, Raising Global Citizens. If supporting youth is important to you, subscribe to J. Luce Foundation updates here.

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    Portrait in Words

    Mumtaz Hussain
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    The Alphabet of the Image Mumtaz Hussain’s Short Stories with Paintings

    In this collection of short stories, Mumtaz Hussain delves into a diverse range of thought-provoking themes. Through the art of storytelling, he explores the intricacies of human experiences, from the profound influence of painting to the complexities of faith and extremism.

    Delving into the depths of the mind, he unravels the mysteries of sexuality and its interplay with the human psyche. Moreover, he examines the clash of cultures and civilizations, shedding light on the challenges of coexistence.

    Among these tales, Mumtaz Hussain explores the nuances of same-gender love and the pursuit of self-pleasure, offering a captivating journey into the various dimensions of human existence.

    Winner of the International Impact Book Award.

    Portrait in Words (July 26, 2023) ©2023 Mumtaz Hussain

    #ChallengesOfCoexistence #Civilization #ClashOfCultures #CulturalConflict #Extremism #Faith #HumanExistence #HumanExperience #InternationalImpactBookAward #LGBTQ+ #MumtazHussain #Painting #Pakistan #PakistaniAmerican #PortraitInWords #SameGenderLove #Self-Pleasure #Sexuality #ShortStories #SouthAsianLiterature #Storytelling

    TAGS: Challenges Of Coexistence, Civilization, Clash Of Cultures, Cultural Conflict, Extremism, Faith, Human Existence, Human Experience, International Impact Book Award, LGBTQ+, Mumtaz Hussain, Painting, Pakistan, Pakistani American, Portrait In Words, Same-Gender Love, Self-Pleasure, Sexuality, Short Stories, South Asian Literature, Storytelling

    Mumtaz Hussain in the News

    Friendship to Love: Unforgettable Summer Adventure in Europe

    John Laing
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    Friendship to Love: Unforgettable Summer Adventure in Europe

    Fiction | Chapter One | Steve and Glenn | By John Laing

    Berlin, Germany. Steve and Glenn had been inseparable since elementary school, their friendship a constant through the ups and downs of adolescence. Now, as recent high school graduates, they were embarking on a European adventure before starting the next chapter of their lives—Steve on a full scholarship to Harvard and Glenn at Yale. This trip, a generous graduation gift from Glenn’s parents, was a celebration of their friendship and a final shared adventure before they parted ways.

    Steve came from a conservative Jewish family, which had shaped much of his worldview and values. His parents, though supportive, held traditional views, emphasizing the importance of community and family heritage. Glenn, raised Episcopalian in an affluent family, valued open-mindedness and inclusivity. A committed vegetarian, Glenn had always been passionate about ethical living and social justice.

    Their differences had never been a barrier; instead, they often found common ground in their shared interests. Both were enthusiastic supporters of progressive minds such as Kamala Harris, admiring her advocacy for civil rights and justice. They frequently engaged in deep conversations about politics and social issues, finding solace in their shared ideals despite their diverse backgrounds.

    As they traveled through the historic cities of Europe, from Paris to Prague, their bond deepened. They marveled at the art in the Louvre, strolled through the quaint streets of Salzburg, and sampled the vegetarian cuisine in Florence, accommodating Glenn’s dietary preferences. Yet, amidst the laughter and adventure, an unspoken tension lingered—both knew that this summer was not just a prelude to their university lives, but also a turning point in their relationship.

    One night in Vienna, after a long day of sightseeing, they found themselves in a quiet café, drinking local beer. The conversation drifted to their futures and the challenges ahead. They had been intimate since their junior year, sharing a bed on this trip, but their closeness had always been framed as ‘boys being boys,’ nothing “special.” However, the topic of love came up, and they hesitated, each waiting for the other to speak.

    Finally, Glenn, always the more outspoken, confessed that he had feelings for Steve that went beyond friendship. Steve, his heart pounding, admitted he felt the same. The revelation was both exhilarating and daunting. They were in love, and both finally acknowledged it, but the road ahead was uncertain.

    Steve worried about how his conservative family would react, fearing they might not accept his relationship with Glenn. Glenn, though supported by his family, knew the challenges of a long-distance relationship, especially with Steve’s commitments to his faith and cultural practices, such as observing kosher dietary laws.

    Despite these concerns, they decided to try to make it work. They promised to communicate openly, visit each other as often as possible, and support each other’s dreams and aspirations. They also agreed to navigate their religious and cultural differences with mutual respect and understanding, finding ways to blend their traditions and values.

    The rest of their trip was a mix of romance and introspection. They explored Rome, visiting both ancient synagogues and cathedrals, tossing coins into the Trevi Fountain, and wishing for strength and unity. In Venice, they took gondola rides, discussing their favorite Kamala Harris speeches and dreaming about a future where they could openly share their love.

    As their incredible journey drew to a close, they stood on a bridge over the Thames in London, watching the sunset. They held hands, feeling the weight of their promises and the uncertainty of the future. Yet, they were hopeful. They knew that love was a journey, one that would require patience, effort, and a lot of faith—in themselves and each other.

    Returning home, they faced their families. Steve’s parents were initially shocked but eventually grew to understand and accept his relationship with Glenn, seeing the love and respect between them. Glenn’s family welcomed Steve warmly, appreciating his efforts to respect Glenn’s beliefs and lifestyle. Glen’s mother seemed to be happier then his father, but his father like a good WASP masked any concerns he felt. Together, then, Steve and Glenn navigated their new reality, finding ways to bridge their differences and celebrate their love.

    Their story became one of resilience and commitment, a testament to the power of love in overcoming cultural and religious barriers. As they prepared to head to their respective universities, they felt a renewed sense of purpose and connection, ready to face whatever challenges the future might bring. Freshman fall quarter awaited.

    Friendship to Love: Unforgettable Summer Adventure in Europe (July 24, 2023)

    Chapter Two

    #InterfaithLove, #ComingOfAge, #TravelRomance, #CulturalDiversity, #LGBTQLove, #KamalaHarrisSupporters, #JewishChristianCouple, #VegetarianLifestyle, #EuropeAdventure, #LongDistanceRelationship, #LoveAcrossBorders, #Fiction, #NewBeginnings, #GayInterfaithCouple

    TAGS: Interfaith Love, Cultural Diversity, LGBTQ Love, Jewish Christian Couple, Vegetarian Lifestyle, European Adventure, Love Across Borders, Fiction, New Beginnings, Summer Romance, Cross Cultural Relationships

    Artist Tatyana Horoshko of New York City

    John Laing
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    Artist Tatyana Horoshko of New York City

    This portrait of Jim Luce was a gift from the extremely talented and generous Tatyana Horoshko

    New York, N.Y. In the realm of artistry and creativity, Taty’s talent shines like a brilliant beacon, capturing the essence of life and emotion in her captivating portraits. For Jim Luce, an extraordinary individual whose life story unfolded like the pages of an epic novel, Taty’s artwork became an exquisite tribute to his uniqueness.

    As Jim received the portrait, his said his heart swelled with profound appreciation and gratitude for Taty’s exceptional gift. The lines and strokes on the canvas seemed to mirror the chapters of his life, woven together in a tapestry of colors and emotions. Each brushstroke carried a whisper of the experiences that shaped him, the joys and struggles, the victories and defeats.

    From her early days escaping a restrictive regime in Ukraine with her family to pursuing her passion for art in the lively streets of New York City, Taty’s own journey resonated deeply with Jim.

    www.tatydesignstudio.com

    Artist Tatyana Horoshko of New York City (July 24, 2023)

    Jim Luce Writes on Art & Artists

    Baron von Steuben: His Hidden Life and Unforgettable Contribution

    John Laing
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    Baron von Steuben: His Hidden Life and Unforgettable Contribution

    During von Steuben’s lifetime, the concept of gay marriage, gay pride or coming out was unthinkable and there was no language or open culture of homosexuality. But historical homosexual relationships were actually common. That doesn’t mean being gay was condoned: Sodomy was a crime in colonial America. But romantic relationships between men were widely tolerated until the 19th century, and only in the early 20th century did the U.S. military begin officially discriminating against people suspected to be gay.

    New York, N.Y. Baron Friedrich von Steuben (1730-94, age 64) was a Prussian military officer who played a leading role in the American Revolutionary War by reforming the Continental Army into a disciplined and professional fighting force. His contributions marked a significant improvement in the performance of U.S. troops, and he is consequently regarded as one of the fathers of the U.S. Army. And he was gay.

    During von Steuben’s lifetime, the concept of gay marriage, gay pride, or coming out was unthinkable, and there was no language or open culture of homosexuality. But historical homosexual relationships were actually common. That doesn’t mean being gay was condoned: Sodomy was a crime in colonial America. But romantic relationships between men were widely tolerated until the 19th century, and only in the early 20th century did the U.S. military begin officially discriminating against people suspected to be gay.

    Born into a military family, Steuben was exposed to war from an early age; at 14 years old, he observed his father directing Prussian engineers in the 1744 Siege of Prague. At age 16, he enlisted in the Prussian Army, which was considered the most professional and disciplined in Europe.

    During his 17 years of military service, Steuben took part in several battles in the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763), rose to the rank of captain, and became aide-de-camp to King Frederick II of Prussia, who was renowned for his military prowess and strategy. Steuben’s career culminated in his attendance of Frederick’s elite school for young military officers, after which he was abruptly discharged from the army in 1763, at the age of 33, possibly after being outed.

    Homosexuality was viewed as a criminal aberration by many of his peers.

    Rather than stay and provide a defense, rather than call upon his friends to vouch for his reputation, von Steuben chose to flee his homeland.

    Painting: Baron Frederick William von Steuben. Credit: Charles Willson Peale, artist. © 2024 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts.

    In 1775, as the American Revolution had begun, he joined the U.S. war effort through mutual French contacts with U.S. diplomats, most notably ambassador to France Benjamin Franklin. Franklin, who recommended von Steuben to Washington, played up his qualifications. He also downplayed rumors that the baron had been dismissed from the Prussian military for homosexuality. Franklin didn’t seem to think von Steuben’s private life was relevant to his military qualifications.

    Von Steuben had arrived in America with his young aide-de-camp Louis de Pontière, his 17-year-old military secretary and rumored-to-be lover Pierre Etienne Du Ponceau, and his Italian Greyhound Azor, which he took with him everywhere. They traveled through Boston to Pennsylvania, arriving at Valley Forge in 1778.

    There, very quickly, he began close relationships with Benjamin Walker and William North, both military officers in their 20s. Von Steuben formally adopted Walker and North and made them his heirs. Gay men at that time would often use adoption as a substitution for marriage.

    The Continental Congress had relocated to Valley Forge after being ousted from Philadelphia by the British advance. One soldier’s first impression of the Baron was “of the ancient fabled God of War … he seemed to me a perfect personification of Mars. The trappings of his horse, the enormous holsters of his pistols, his large size, and his strikingly martial aspect, all seemed to favor the idea. He turned the volunteers into a great army.”

    Washington knew of the accusations about von Steuben but ignored them.

    He welcomed von Steuben to his camp and assigned Alexander Hamilton and John Laurens—both of whom were involved in what some historians have dubbed a “romantic friendship”—as his aides. Washington approved of von Steuben.

    “He appears to be much of a gentleman,” Washington wrote when the baron arrived at camp, “and as far as we have had an opportunity of judging, a man of military knowledge, and acquainted with the world.”

    Steuben picked 120 men from various regiments to form an honor guard for General Washington, and used them to demonstrate military training to the rest of the troops. These men in turn trained other personnel at regimental and brigade levels. Steuben’s eccentric personality greatly enhanced his mystique. In full military dress uniform, he twice a day trained the soldiers who, at this point, were themselves greatly lacking in proper clothing.

    As he could only speak and write a small amount of English, Steuben originally wrote the drills in German and French. His secretary, Du Ponceau, then translated the drills from French into English, with the help of John Laurens and Alexander Hamilton, two of Washington’s aides-de-camp. They did this every single night so Washington could command his soldiers in the morning.

    Colonel Alexander Hamilton and General Nathanael Greene were of great help in assisting Steuben in drafting a training program for the Army. The Baron’s willingness and ability to work with the men, as well as his use of profanity (in several languages), made him popular among the soldiers.

    After the war, von Steuben legally adopted both men—a common practice among gay men in an age before same-sex marriage was legal. They lived together, managing his precarious finances. When the war ended, Baron von Steuben was granted U.S. citizenship and moved to New York with North and Walker. “We love him,” North wrote, “and he deserves it for he loves us tenderly.”

    Steuben never married and had no children.

    He left his estate to his companions and aides-de-camp, Walker and North, with whom he had had an “extraordinarily intense emotional relationship … treating them as surrogate sons.” A third young man, John W. Mulligan (1774–1862), who was also considered one of von Steuben’s “sons,” inherited his vast library, collection of maps, and $2,500 in cash.

    Baron von Steuben: His Hidden Life and Unforgettable Contribution (July 23, 2023)

    #BaronVonSteuben #USArmy #LGBTQHistory #MilitaryHistory #RevolutionaryWar #HistoricalFigures #Equality #LGBTQ+ #ThoughtLeader #GlobalCitizen

    TAGS: Baron von Steuben, US Army, LGBTQ History, Military History, Revolutionary War, Historical Figures, Equality, LGBTQ+, Thought Leader, Global Citizen

    Jim Luce Writes on the American Revolution

    Avoiding World War III: Key Lessons from Two Global Conflicts

    Jim Luce
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    Avoiding World War III: Key Lessons from Two Global Conflicts

    The lessons learned from World War I and World War II have profoundly shaped modern international relations and strategies aimed at preventing another global conflict. Here are some of the key lessons and how they inform efforts to avoid World War III

    Where could Russia invade?

    1. The Importance of Diplomacy and International Cooperation

    Lesson:

    Both world wars were precipitated by failures in diplomacy and international relations. In World War I, complex alliances and a lack of effective communication escalated a regional conflict into a global war. In World War II, the failure of the League of Nations to prevent aggression by Axis powers demonstrated the need for a stronger international organization.

    Application:

    The creation of the United Nations (UN) and other international bodies like NATO, the European Union (EU), and the World Trade Organization (WTO) exemplifies the commitment to diplomacy and international cooperation. These institutions aim to provide platforms for dialogue, conflict resolution, and collective security, reducing the likelihood of war through peaceful means.

    2. The Necessity of Collective Security

    Lesson:

    The policy of appeasement and the failure to collectively respond to aggression (e.g., Germany’s annexation of Czechoslovakia) contributed to the outbreak of World War II. It became clear that unchecked aggression leads to greater conflict.

    Application:

    Collective security agreements, such as those embodied in NATO, mean that an attack on one member is considered an attack on all, deterring potential aggressors. These alliances ensure that no single nation feels isolated or vulnerable, thus preventing the kind of unchecked aggression seen in the lead-up to World War II.

    3. Economic Stability and Cooperation

    Lesson:

    The economic turmoil of the 1920s and 1930s, including the Great Depression, contributed to the political instability that led to World War II. Economic hardship often leads to political extremism and conflict.

    Application:

    Post-World War II institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank were created to promote global economic stability and development. Additionally, trade agreements and economic unions, such as the EU, help interlink economies, making war less appealing due to the mutual economic destruction it would cause.

    4. Human Rights and the Rule of Law

    Lesson:

    The atrocities of World War II, including the Holocaust, highlighted the need for international human rights standards and mechanisms to enforce them.

    Application:

    The establishment of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international human rights treaties, and bodies like the International Criminal Court (ICC) serve to protect individual rights and hold violators accountable. This helps prevent the conditions that can lead to conflict and genocide.

    5. Disarmament and Arms Control

    Lesson:

    The arms races preceding both world wars contributed to the scale and devastation of the conflicts.

    Application:

    Arms control treaties, such as the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and various bilateral agreements between superpowers (e.g., START treaties between the US and Russia), aim to limit the proliferation and development of weapons of mass destruction. Efforts to control conventional arms and reduce military expenditures also play a role in maintaining peace.

    6. Education and Cultural Exchange

    Lesson:

    Misperceptions and prejudices fueled by nationalism and propaganda played significant roles in both world wars.

    Application:

    Promoting education, cultural exchange, and mutual understanding among nations helps to counteract stereotypes and build a foundation for peaceful coexistence. Programs like UNESCO and international student exchange initiatives contribute to these goals.

    7. Responding to Emerging Threats

    Lesson:

    The failure to address the rise of totalitarian regimes and extremist ideologies led to catastrophic consequences in the 20th century.

    Application:

    Modern efforts focus on early detection and prevention of emerging threats, including terrorism, cyber warfare, and rogue states. Intelligence sharing, counterterrorism cooperation, and diplomatic efforts to address root causes of extremism are key components of this strategy.

    Conclusion

    The horrors of World War I and World War II have imparted invaluable lessons about the importance of diplomacy, economic stability, collective security, human rights, disarmament, education, and vigilance against emerging threats. By applying these lessons, the international community strives to create a world where the conditions that lead to global conflict are mitigated, and peace and stability are sustained. The ongoing commitment to these principles is essential in the effort to prevent the outbreak of World War III.

    #WorldWarLessons #PreventWWIII #GlobalPeace #Diplomacy #InternationalRelations #CollectiveSecurity #HumanRights #ArmsControl #EconomicStability #CulturalExchange

    Tags: World War I, World War II, Diplomacy, International Cooperation, Collective Security, Economic Stability, Human Rights, Arms Control, Education, Cultural Exchange, Global Conflict, United Nations, NATO, European Union, Non-Proliferation Treaty, International Criminal Court

    John Singer Sargent’s “Thomas McKeller”

    Jim Luce
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    John Singer Sargent’s “Thomas McKeller”

    A detail from John Singer Sargent’s “Thomas McKeller” (1917-21), the only portrait he did of the model as himself. Credit: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

    New York, N.Y. xxx

    [draft]

    John Singer Sargent’s “Thomas McKeller” (July 17, 2023)

    A Closer Look at Snobbery

    John Laing
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    0
    A Closer Look at Snobbery

    The term “snob” originally referred to a shoemaker or a shoemaker’s apprentice in the 18th century. By the early 19th century, it had evolved to mean someone who seeks to imitate or associate with those of higher social status. The modern usage of “snob” emerged to describe individuals who exhibit disdain or contempt for people they consider inferior in terms of social status, intellect, taste, or other attributes.

    New York, N.Y. The Guardian in London recently posed the question: Why are we so snobby about other people’s weddings? Let us take a deep dive into the meaning of snobbery today going back until the 1800’s.

    Snobbery is an attitude or behavior that involves looking down on others perceived to be of a lower social status, education level, taste, or background. It is characterized by a sense of superiority and condescension towards those considered less worthy or sophisticated. Snobbery can manifest in various contexts, including social interactions, cultural preferences, and professional environments, and it often perpetuates divisions and inequalities within society.

    Snobbery can take many forms

    • Social Snobbery: Judging people based on their social class, wealth, or connections. This often involves excluding or looking down on those who do not belong to certain social circles or who do not possess particular status symbols.
    • Cultural Snobbery: Believing that certain cultural tastes (such as preferences for particular types of art, music, literature, or cuisine) are superior to others. Cultural snobs often dismiss or ridicule popular or mainstream culture.
    • Intellectual Snobbery: Valuing individuals based on their educational background, intelligence, or intellectual achievements. This can lead to belittling those who lack formal education or who do not engage in intellectual pursuits.
    • Professional Snobbery: Judging others based on their occupation, professional success, or workplace status. Professional snobs may look down on those in lower-paying or less prestigious jobs.

    Snobbery can have several negative impacts on individuals and society

    • Social Exclusion: Snobbery fosters environments where people are excluded or marginalized based on arbitrary criteria, leading to social fragmentation and inequality.
    • Hindrance to Inclusivity: It creates barriers to inclusivity and mutual respect, preventing meaningful interactions and collaborations across different social and cultural backgrounds.
    • Psychological Effects: Being subjected to snobbery can harm an individual’s self-esteem and sense of belonging, contributing to feelings of inadequacy and social anxiety.
    • Cultural Homogeneity: Cultural snobbery can stifle diversity and creativity by promoting narrow standards of what is considered culturally valuable or sophisticated.

    Efforts to combat snobbery involve promoting inclusivity, empathy, and respect for diversity

    • Education: Encouraging education systems to foster understanding and appreciation of diverse social, cultural, and intellectual contributions.
    • Dialogue: Promoting open and respectful dialogue between individuals from different backgrounds to break down stereotypes and prejudices.
    • Leadership: Encouraging leaders in various sectors to model inclusive behavior and create environments where all individuals feel valued and respected.
    • Media Representation: Advocating for balanced and diverse representation in media to challenge elitist narratives and celebrate a wider range of experiences and perspectives.

    Historical and Cultural Context

    Throughout history, snobbery has been both a source of satire and criticism. Writers such as Jane Austen and Charles Dickens often explored themes of snobbery in their works, highlighting the absurdity and harm of such attitudes. In contemporary culture, snobbery continues to be a relevant topic, with ongoing debates about class, taste, and social mobility.

    Notable Quotes

    • “A snob is one who craves for what separates men rather than for what unites them.” – John Buchan
    • “Snobbery is the pride of those who are not sure of their position.” – Berton Braley

    Snobbery, in its various forms, undermines social harmony and perpetuates inequalities. By recognizing and challenging snobbish attitudes, individuals and societies can work towards a more inclusive and respectful world where diversity is celebrated, and everyone is valued for their unique contributions.

    #Snobbery #SocialClass #CulturalDiversity #Inclusivity #Empathy #SocialEquality

    TAGS: snobbery, social exclusion, cultural snobbery, intellectual snobbery, professional snobbery, inclusivity, empathy, social equality, education, dialogue.

    Overcoming Snobbery: Building a Culture of Inclusivity and Respect

    Jim Luce
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    Snobbery: An Unjust Barrier to Unity and Understanding

    Snobbery, at its core, is the belief in the superiority of one’s own social class, education, taste, or other attributes over those of others.

    New York, N.Y. As we navigate the intricacies of human interaction and societal dynamics, one pernicious trait that often stands in the way of genuine connection and progress is snobbery. From our perspective as thought leaders and global citizens, snobbery represents a significant barrier to fostering unity, understanding, and mutual respect among individuals and communities. It is an attitude that not only undermines social cohesion but also perpetuates inequality and prejudice.

    It manifests in various forms, from subtle dismissals and condescension to overt displays of elitism. This attitude can be found in many spheres of life, including education, professional environments, cultural settings, and even social circles. By perpetuating a sense of division and exclusion, snobbery hampers the growth of inclusive and empathetic societies.

    One of the most damaging aspects of snobbery is its impact on educational and professional opportunities. Individuals who harbor snobbish attitudes often devalue the contributions and potential of those they deem less worthy based on superficial criteria such as socioeconomic background, educational attainment, or even accents and mannerisms. This bias can lead to the marginalization of talented individuals who may lack certain credentials but possess invaluable skills and perspectives. By recognizing and dismantling these barriers, we can create more equitable and dynamic environments where everyone has the chance to thrive.

    In cultural settings, snobbery often takes the form of an elitist approach to art, literature, music, and other expressions of human creativity. The tendency to regard certain forms of culture as superior while dismissing others as inferior or unsophisticated limits our ability to appreciate the rich diversity of human expression. Every culture and subculture has unique contributions that enrich our collective experience, and by embracing this diversity, we can broaden our horizons and deepen our understanding of the world.

    Painting: Important people by George Washington Lambert (1914-1921), Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. Commentary: By creating a portrait of ordinary people: a flower-seller, an administrator and a boxer, Lambert sought to parody the convention whereby only those with wealth or social status had their portraits painted. He also questioned social values by mixing three people of different social classes and through selection of a humble flower girl to represent motherhood. While Lambert’s approach was formalist, emphasizing design and composition, his subject reflected various topical interests of the day, as well as his acquaintance with and admiration of Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw, particularly for his ridicule of social snobbery. – Australian Art Department, Art Gallery of New South Wales, 2000

    Snobbery also undermines social cohesion by fostering an environment of exclusion and division.

    When individuals or groups perceive themselves as superior to others, it creates a hierarchy that undermines the principle of equality. This dynamic can lead to resentment, conflict, and a lack of solidarity within communities. As global citizens, it is essential that we challenge these attitudes and promote a culture of inclusivity where every person is valued and respected.

    Our personal experiences have shown us the transformative power of humility and open-mindedness in overcoming snobbery. By approaching others with genuine curiosity and a willingness to learn, we can break down the barriers that snobbery erects. This approach not only enriches our own lives but also fosters deeper connections and mutual respect. We have witnessed the positive impact of initiatives that promote cultural exchange, mentorship, and collaboration across different social and professional backgrounds. These efforts demonstrate that when we move beyond superficial judgments, we can unlock the full potential of diverse perspectives and talents.

    Moreover, addressing snobbery requires a commitment to introspection and self-awareness. We must recognize our own biases and strive to overcome them through continuous learning and empathy. This journey involves challenging our assumptions, seeking out diverse experiences, and listening to the voices of those who have been marginalized or overlooked. By doing so, we can cultivate a mindset that values inclusivity and equity.

    It is also important to highlight the role of leadership in combating snobbery.

    Leaders in education, business, government, and other sectors have the responsibility to model inclusive behavior and create environments where all individuals feel valued and supported. This involves implementing policies and practices that promote diversity, equity, and inclusion, as well as fostering a culture of respect and collaboration. By setting a positive example, leaders can inspire others to embrace these values and work towards a more inclusive society.

    As we reflect on the impact of snobbery and the importance of overcoming it, we are reminded of the fundamental principle that every individual has inherent worth and dignity. By rejecting snobbish attitudes and embracing a spirit of humility and open-mindedness, we can build a world where everyone has the opportunity to contribute and succeed. Let us commit to challenging snobbery in all its forms and fostering a culture of respect, empathy, and inclusivity.

    Overcoming Snobbery: Building a Culture of Inclusivity and Respect (July 17, 2023)

    #Snobbery #Inclusivity #Equality #CulturalDiversity #Respect #Empathy #GlobalCitizenship #SocialCohesion #Equity #Leadership

    TAGS: Snobbery, inclusivity, equality, cultural diversity, respect, empathy, global citizenship, social cohesion, equity, leadership, overcoming bias

    Peter Olsvewski

    Jim Luce
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    Peter Olsvewski

    I remember the day I set foot in Manhattan for the first time. I was together with my ex-wife and daughter Alex, who was then two years old. It was August 1989. The city was flooded with sunny heat, your feet were sticking to the street. If it weren’t for the borrowed stroller, I would have had to carry Alex in my arms. Carrying her in such heat would have been a challenge for me.

    Alex, who then discovered that the mouth is used not only to put in everything that comes across the road, but also to make sounds. She spent hours practicing her new language. That day she was speechless, staring at the city and people with her mouth open. New York City was unlike anything she knew.

    Despite the terrible heat, hundreds of people and cars created a jumble that attracted her like a magnet. And although Alex censored her food, which was a challenge for us, that day she swallowed everything that my ex put into her mouth without a “word” of objection.

    I looked at this amazing city and thought about my great-grandfather who landed on Ellis Island in 1912 with my great-grandmother and my grandmother. Nomen omen, she was two years old.

    Did he feel the same thrill of excitement in discovering this New World? How he felt looking at the world that was just being born? Did he walk along Fifth Avenue, or maybe he walked around the East Village, where European emigrants gathered? What did my great-grandfather feel when he looked at the people passing him, were they, as they were for me eighty years later, a great unknown and a challenge?

    The city and the people had changed over time, but were the feelings similar? For me NYC, this city, is a mystery and a great challenge. Every house has its own story, every person we passed has its own story, and whether the people we passed had family or friends who met my great-grandfather. Walking around Manhattan that day, I felt the spirit of my great-grandfather and the challenges he had to face.

    Graduate Education, Training in Southeast Asian Studies Awarded Grant

    Staff
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    Graduate Education, Training in Southeast Asian Studies Awarded Grant

    The Graduate Education and Training in Southeast Asian Studies (GETSEA) consortium was formed with the mission of enhancing graduate education in Southeast Asian studies across North America. The consortium has been awarded a $275,000 grant by the Henry Luce Foundation through its Luce Initiative on Southeast Asia (LuceSEA). 

    New York, N.Y.

    [draft]

    Global Impact of East Asian Studies: Stories of Success, Influence

    John Laing
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    Global Impact of East Asian Studies: Stories of Success, Influence

    East Asian studies explores a vibrant region that contains the second and third largest world economies, some of the longest lasting civilizations, and more than a quarter of the world’s population. Understanding East Asia today requires knowledge and appreciation of the cultural orientations, traditional practices and social forces that have shaped its diverse cultures and societies.

    New York N.Y. East Asian Studies is a broad field that encompasses the languages, cultures, histories, and political systems of East Asia, including countries like China, Japan, and Korea.

    While it may not be traditionally associated with high-paying jobs, the knowledge and skills gained from this field can open doors to diverse and impactful careers in various sectors.

    East Asia includes China, Japan, Mongolia, the Koreas, and Taiwan. Additionally, Hong Kong and Macau are two coastal cities located in the south of China with autonomous status.

    Global Impact of East Asian Studies: Stories of Success, Influence

    1. Anthony Bourdain. Known for his culinary prowess and storytelling, he studied Japanese language at Vassar College before embarking on his culinary journey. His understanding of East Asian cultures enriched his travel shows, allowing him to connect with local chefs and communities on a deeper level.
    2. Jim Luce: A philanthropist and founder of the James Jay Dudley Luce Foundation, holds a BA in Cultural Area Studies: East Asia from the College of Wooster. He focused on traditional Japanese art and contemporary Japanese literature, studying at Earlham College and Waseda University in Tokyo. His education has influenced his global humanitarian efforts, particularly in East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.
    3. Condoleezza Rice: The former U.S. Secretary of State studied political science with a focus on Soviet Union and Eastern European affairs at the University of Denver. However, she also took courses in Chinese language and literature, which informed her diplomatic strategies and policies during her tenure.
    4. Jay Rockefeller: A former U.S. Senator from West Virginia, Rockefeller studied Japanese language at Harvard University. His knowledge of East Asian cultures and languages played a role in his work on the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, particularly in fostering U.S.-Asia relations.
    5. Kevin Rudd: Although an Australia Kevin Rudd, the former Prime Minister, is notable for his extensive studies in Mandarin Chinese language and literature at the Australian National University. His fluency in Mandarin and deep understanding of Chinese culture have been instrumental in his diplomatic and political career, including his work with the Asia Society.

    These individuals have utilized their East Asian Studies background to excel in various fields:

    • International Relations and Diplomacy: Condoleezza Rice and Kevin Rudd exemplify how knowledge of East Asian cultures and languages is invaluable in government and international organizations, shaping foreign policy and fostering diplomatic relations.
    • Business and Finance: Jay Rockefeller’s expertise in Japanese culture has been beneficial in understanding and navigating the economic dynamics between the U.S. and East Asia, influencing trade policies and investment strategies.
    • Journalism and Media: Anthony Bourdain’s ability to tell compelling stories about East Asian cultures resonated with a global audience, highlighting the importance of cultural understanding in media.
    • Education: Jim Luce’s work in promoting education and cultural exchange programs underscores the value of teaching East Asian languages and cultures, particularly in higher education.

    Ultimately, the salary potential for someone with an East Asian Studies degree depends on their chosen career path, skills, and experience. While it may not lead directly to high-paying jobs, it offers unique opportunities and can be highly rewarding both financially and personally. It’s essential to consider interests, passions, and career goals alongside potential earnings when choosing a major.

    Global Impact of East Asian Studies: Stories of Success, Influence (July 12, 2023)

    #EastAsianStudies, #InternationalRelations, #Diplomacy, #CulturalUnderstanding, #CareerPaths, #HigherEducation, #GlobalInfluence, #LanguageLearning, #EastAsia, #JapaneseStudies, #ChineseLiterature

    TAGS: East Asian Studies, International Relations, Diplomacy, Business and Finance, Journalism, Media, Education, Anthony Bourdain, Jim Luce, Condoleezza Rice, Jay Rockefeller, Kevin Rudd, Japanese Studies, Chinese Literature

    Pete Buttigieg: Championing Progress with Heart and Intellect

    Jim Luce
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    Pete Buttigieg: Championing Progress with Heart and Intellect

    His ability to bridge divides, whether ideological, geographical, or cultural, is a testament to his belief in the power of dialogue and collaboration. He embodies the principles of global citizenship, recognizing that the challenges we face require collective action and shared solutions.

    New York, N.Y. In the landscape of contemporary American politics, Pete Buttigieg stands out as a beacon of progressive thought, compassionate leadership, and global perspective. As we reflect on his journey, we are compelled to acknowledge not only his professional achievements but also the values he embodies and the vision he brings to the national and international stage.

    Photo: Former Mayor Pete Buttigieg speaking with attendees at the 2020 Iowa State Education Association Conference. Credit: Gage Skidmore.

    Pete Buttigieg was born in 1982 in South Bend, Indiana, to parents deeply rooted in academia. His father, Joseph Buttigieg, was a professor of literature, and his mother, Jennifer Anne Montgomery, a linguist. This intellectual environment fostered in Pete an early appreciation for learning, critical thinking, and public service. He later went on to Harvard University, where he graduated magna cum laude, followed by a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Oxford University.

    From a young age, Buttigieg demonstrated a keen interest in understanding the complexities of the world. His work with the international consulting firm McKinsey & Company allowed him to gain insights into global economic and social issues, providing a solid foundation for his future endeavors in public service. His service as a U.S. Naval intelligence officer, including a deployment to Afghanistan, further broadened his perspective, instilling in him a deep appreciation for diplomacy and international cooperation.

    Buttigieg’s tenure as the mayor of South Bend, Indiana, marked a significant chapter in his career. Elected at the age of 29, he transformed the city’s economy through innovative policies and a focus on inclusive growth. His initiatives to revitalize South Bend’s downtown area, improve infrastructure, and promote technological advancements are testament to his forward-thinking leadership. Under his guidance, South Bend emerged as a model of urban renewal and smart city development.

    Photo: Mayor Pete Buttigieg speaking with supporters at a town hall at the State Historical Museum in Des Moines, Iowa. Credit: Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia Commons.

    In his 2020 presidential campaign, Buttigieg captivated the nation with his articulate vision for America’s future.

    His ability to connect with diverse audiences and address complex issues with clarity and empathy set him apart in a crowded field. Advocating for healthcare reform, climate action, and social justice, he resonated with a broad spectrum of voters, showcasing his potential as a unifying figure in American politics.

    Pete Buttigieg’s role as the U.S. Secretary of Transportation further highlights his commitment to public service and his aptitude for tackling pressing issues. His focus on infrastructure modernization, sustainable transportation, and equitable access to mobility reflects his holistic approach to policy-making. Under his leadership, the Department of Transportation has launched initiatives aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing public transit systems, and addressing racial and economic disparities in transportation.

    On a personal level, Buttigieg’s openness about his sexuality and his marriage to Chasten Glezman Buttigieg has made a profound impact on LGBTQ+ representation in politics. Their relationship, characterized by mutual support and shared values, serves as an inspiring example of love and partnership. Together, they have become advocates for LGBTQ+ rights, mental health awareness, and educational reform, leveraging their platform to drive positive change.

    We admire Pete Buttigieg for his intellectual rigor, his compassionate leadership, and his unwavering dedication to public service.

    His ability to bridge divides, whether ideological, geographical, or cultural, is a testament to his belief in the power of dialogue and collaboration. He embodies the principles of global citizenship, recognizing that the challenges we face require collective action and shared solutions.

    As thought leaders, we find inspiration in Buttigieg’s approach to problem-solving, his commitment to inclusivity, and his vision for a better future. His journey reminds us that leadership is not just about holding office but about making a tangible difference in people’s lives. Pete Buttigieg’s contributions to public discourse and policy continue to shape a more just and sustainable world, affirming his role as a transformative figure in contemporary politics.

    We stand in support of Pete Buttigieg, celebrating his achievements and championing his vision for a brighter, more equitable future. His life and work resonate with the values we hold dear, and his example encourages us to strive for excellence in our own endeavors. As we look to the future, we remain confident that leaders like Pete Buttigieg will continue to guide us toward progress and unity.

    #PeteButtigieg #Leadership #GlobalCitizen #PublicService #LGBTQRights #ProgressivePolitics #TransportationReform

    TAGS: Pete Buttigieg, leadership, global citizen, public service, South Bend, infrastructure, transportation, LGBTQ rights, progressive politics, Jim Luce, New York

    Pete Buttigieg: Championing Progress with Heart and Intellect (July 10, 2023)

    Jim Luce Writes on Politics

    J.B. Pritzker of Illinois: A Progressive Philanthropist

    Jim Luce
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    J.B. Pritzker of Illinois: A Progressive Philanthropist

    Championing Economic Growth and Social Justice

    Chicago, Illinois. We are privileged to share our perspective on J.B. Pritzker, an influential thought leader, philanthropist, and advocate for progressive change. As the 43rd Governor of Illinois, J.B. Pritzker’s leadership has been characterized by a commitment to economic growth, social justice, and public service, making a substantial impact on the lives of countless individuals both within the state and beyond.

    J.B. Pritzker was born in 1965, into a Jewish family with a long-standing tradition of public service and philanthropy. The Pritzker family is renowned for their contributions to various sectors, including business, education, and healthcare. This legacy of giving back to the community has profoundly influenced JB’s approach to leadership and his unwavering dedication to improving society.

    As Governor of Illinois, J.B. Pritzker has implemented transformative policies aimed at fostering economic development and social equity. His administration has focused on addressing critical issues such as healthcare access, education funding, and infrastructure improvement. Under his leadership, Illinois has seen significant investments in renewable energy, job creation, and technological innovation, positioning the state as a leader in the green economy and digital transformation.

    Illinois Governor J.B. Pritzker greets an Illinois State Trooper upon his arrival at the State Unified Area Command, 2019.

    We recognize J.B. Pritzker’s relentless pursuit of social justice.

    His efforts to raise the minimum wage, expand healthcare coverage, and reform the criminal justice system have provided hope and opportunities to many underserved communities. By advocating for policies that promote equality and inclusivity, he has ensured that Illinois remains a beacon of progressive values in the United States.

    One of the hallmarks of J.B. Pritzker’s tenure as Governor is his response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Faced with an unprecedented public health crisis, his administration took decisive actions to protect the health and safety of Illinois residents. By implementing robust testing and vaccination programs, supporting small businesses, and ensuring the continuity of essential services, J.B. demonstrated remarkable leadership in times of adversity. His proactive approach not only mitigated the impact of the pandemic but also set an example for other states to follow.

    J.B. Pritzker’s contributions extend beyond the political arena. As a philanthropist, he has supported numerous initiatives aimed at improving education and healthcare. The Pritzker Children’s Initiative, for example, focuses on early childhood development, providing resources and support to ensure that every child has the opportunity to succeed. Additionally, his investments in medical research and innovation have paved the way for advancements in healthcare that benefit individuals globally.

    We admire J.B. Pritzker’s commitment to fostering entrepreneurship and innovation.

    Through his involvement in various business ventures and his support for startup ecosystems, he has created an environment where new ideas can flourish. His vision for a thriving, inclusive economy has inspired countless entrepreneurs and innovators to pursue their dreams, contributing to the overall prosperity of Illinois and beyond.

    Family plays a crucial role in J.B. Pritzker’s life. Together with his wife, MK, he has raised a family that values public service and philanthropy. M.K. Pritzker is an accomplished advocate for children’s issues and education, furthering the couple’s shared commitment to making a positive impact on society. Their partnership exemplifies the power of collaboration and mutual support in achieving meaningful change.

    We appreciate J.B. Pritzker’s efforts to promote international cooperation and understanding.

    By fostering relationships with global partners and advocating for policies that address global challenges such as climate change and public health, he has demonstrated a keen awareness of the interconnectedness of our world. His leadership serves as a reminder that the actions we take locally can have far-reaching implications for communities worldwide.

    In reflecting on JB Pritzker’s journey as a thought leader and global citizen, we are inspired by his unwavering dedication to

    J.B. Pritzker of Illinois: A Progressive Philanthropist (July 10, 2023)

    #JBPritzker #Leadership #SocialJustice #EconomicGrowth #GlobalCitizen #Philanthropy #Illinois #JimLuce #NewYork

    TAGS: J.B. Pritzker, thought leader, global citizen, Illinois Governor, economic growth, social justice, philanthropy, healthcare, education, innovation, entrepreneurship, Jim Luce, New York

    Jim Luce Writes on Politics

    Gov. Gavin Newsom of California: Leading with Vision and Compassion

    Jim Luce
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    [draft]

    New York, N.Y. Gavin Newsom’s journey as a thought leader and global citizen has been marked by his unwavering commitment to progressive values and his innovative approach to governance. As Californians, and as people who care about the direction of our world, we have watched him navigate the complex landscape of politics with a vision that blends compassion, pragmatism, and a deep understanding of the pressing issues of our time.

    From his early days as the Mayor of San Francisco to his current role as the Governor of California, Newsom has consistently…

    Gov. Gavin Newsom of California: Leading with Vision and Compassion (July 10, 2023)

    Jim Luce Writes on Politics

    Leadership in Action: Gretchen Whitmer’s Vision for a Better Future

    Jim Luce
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    Leadership in Action: Gretchen Whitmer’s Vision for a Better Future

    Her vision for a more equitable and sustainable future resonates with our shared aspirations for progress and justice.

    New York, N.Y. We are proud to highlight the impactful journey of Gretchen Whitmer, a formidable thought leader and global citizen whose dedication to public service and progressive values has left an indelible mark on our society. Born in 1971, Whitmer’s leadership is characterized by her unwavering commitment to improving the lives of the people she serves and fostering a more inclusive and equitable world.

    Gretchen Whitmer’s career is a testament to her resilience and determination.

    As the 49th governor of Michigan, she has faced numerous challenges head-on, from economic downturns to public health crises. Her tenure has been defined by a proactive approach to governance, focusing on pragmatic solutions and compassionate policies that address the needs of all Michiganders.

    We admire Whitmer’s relentless pursuit of justice and equity. Her administration has prioritized issues such as healthcare accessibility, education reform, and infrastructure improvement. By expanding Medicaid and fighting to protect the Affordable Care Act, Whitmer has ensured that more Michiganders have access to essential healthcare services. Her efforts in education reform, including increased funding for public schools and initiatives to make higher education more affordable, demonstrate her commitment to nurturing the potential of future generations.

    Infrastructure has been another cornerstone of Whitmer’s agenda.

    We applaud her “Fix the Damn Roads” initiative, which highlights her practical approach to solving critical issues. By focusing on rebuilding and modernizing Michigan’s infrastructure, she not only enhances public safety but also stimulates economic growth and creates jobs. Whitmer’s vision for a sustainable and resilient future is evident in her dedication to addressing climate change and promoting renewable energy sources.

    As global citizens, we recognize the importance of Whitmer’s leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic. Her decisive actions and science-based approach saved countless lives. Despite facing intense opposition and criticism, Whitmer’s steadfast commitment to protecting public health underscored her courage and conviction. Her ability to navigate the complexities of a global health crisis while balancing economic concerns showcased her exceptional leadership qualities.

    Beyond her policy achievements, we are inspired by Whitmer’s advocacy for gender equality and women’s rights. As a female leader in a predominantly male political landscape, she has broken barriers and served as a role model for women and girls everywhere. Her work to address sexual harassment and assault, particularly on college campuses, reflects her dedication to creating safer and more supportive environments for all.

    Photo: Gretchen Whitmer, Governor of the State of Michigan addressing World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2023, Davos, Switzerland. Credit: World Economic Forum/Michael Calabro.

    Whitmer’s influence extends beyond Michigan’s borders.

    Her participation in national and international dialogues on issues such as climate change, public health, and economic development highlights her role as a global thought leader. She has collaborated with leaders from around the world to share best practices and innovative solutions, demonstrating her commitment to fostering global cooperation and understanding.

    We believe that Gretchen Whitmer embodies the values of empathy, resilience, and forward-thinking leadership that are essential in today’s interconnected world. Her dedication to serving her constituents with integrity and compassion sets a powerful example for leaders everywhere. Whitmer’s ability to inspire and mobilize people from diverse backgrounds to work towards common goals is a testament to her effectiveness as a unifying force.

    In recognizing Gretchen Whitmer’s contributions, we are reminded of the importance of principled leadership and the impact that one individual can have on the world. As we reflect on her achievements, we are motivated to continue advocating for positive change and supporting leaders who prioritize the well-being of their communities.

    Leadership in Action: Gretchen Whitmer’s Vision for a Better Future (July 10, 2023)

    #GretchenWhitmer #Leadership #Progress #GlobalCitizen #PublicService #EmpathyInAction #JimLuce #NewYork

    TAGS: Gretchen Whitmer, leadership, public service, Michigan, healthcare, education reform, infrastructure, climate change, gender equality, women’s rights, COVID-19, global cooperation, Jim Luce, New York

    Jim Luce Writes on Politics

    Berlin

    Jim Luce
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    Berlin

    [draft]

    Eyewitness: The Role of White Privilege in Shaping Society

    Jim Luce
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    Eyewitness: The Role of White Privilege in Shaping Society

    Understanding White Privilege: A Call to Awareness

    New York, N.Y. As thought leaders and global citizens, we find ourselves at a pivotal moment in history where the recognition and understanding of white privilege have become imperative. White privilege refers to the inherent advantages that individuals with white skin experience in societies that have historically favored whiteness. This concept, while uncomfortable for many, is crucial to address if we are to foster a more just and equitable world.

    Our journey towards comprehending white privilege began with a commitment to listen, learn, and reflect on our own experiences and biases. We have come to understand that white privilege is not about individual guilt but about systemic structures that benefit some while disadvantaging others. It is a lens through which we can better understand the pervasive inequalities that exist in our societies.

    We recognize that white privilege manifests in numerous ways. From the ease of navigating public spaces without fear of harassment to the implicit trust granted in professional settings, these unearned advantages often go unnoticed by those who benefit from them. This lack of awareness perpetuates a cycle of inequality, making it essential for us to shine a light on these disparities.

    As global citizens, we have a responsibility to educate ourselves and others about the realities of white privilege. This involves acknowledging that our societal systems—education, law enforcement, healthcare, and more—are often skewed in favor of white individuals. By understanding this, we can begin to challenge and change the structures that uphold these disparities.

    Our efforts to address white privilege extend beyond personal reflection.

    We actively engage in dialogues and initiatives that promote awareness and change. These conversations are not easy; they require humility, empathy, and a willingness to confront uncomfortable truths. However, we believe that it is through these discussions that we can pave the way for a more equitable future.

    In our roles as thought leaders, we strive to create spaces where these conversations can happen. We encourage open dialogue and provide resources for learning and unlearning. We support policies and practices that aim to dismantle systemic racism and promote inclusivity. By doing so, we hope to inspire others to take similar steps in their own lives and communities.

    One of the most important aspects of addressing white privilege is recognizing the intersectionality of oppression. Different forms of discrimination—be it based on race, gender, sexuality, or socioeconomic status—are interconnected and often compound the effects of one another. Understanding this complexity allows us to approach the issue of white privilege with a more comprehensive and inclusive perspective.

    Our advocacy work involves amplifying the voices of marginalized communities and supporting their leadership. We believe that those who experience the brunt of systemic inequalities are best positioned to lead the way in creating solutions. By listening to and elevating these voices, we can ensure that our efforts are grounded in the lived experiences of those most affected.

    We also recognize that dismantling white privilege requires ongoing action and commitment.

    It is not a one-time effort but a continuous journey of growth and change. This means staying informed, challenging our own biases, and holding ourselves and others accountable. It involves supporting movements and organizations that work towards racial justice and equity.

    Through our collective efforts, we aim to contribute to a society where everyone, regardless of their race, has equal opportunities to thrive. We envision a world where privilege, in the words of MLK, is not determined by the color of one’s skin but by the content of one’s character and the contributions one makes to the community.

    As we move forward, we remain committed to the cause of equity and justice. By understanding and addressing white privilege, we can help build a world that is fairer, more inclusive, and more compassionate. This is our responsibility as thought leaders and global citizens, and it is a mission we undertake with dedication and hope.

    Eyewitness: The Role of White Privilege in Shaping Society (July 8, 2023)

    #WhitePrivilege #RacialJustice #GlobalCitizenship #ThoughtLeaders #SocialChange #Equality #SystemicRacism

    TAGS: White Privilege, Racial Justice, Thought Leadership, Global Citizenship, Social Change, Equality, Systemic Racism, Advocacy, Empowerment

    Jim Luce Writes Opinion, Analysis & Viewpoint

    Kim Yuna: Shining on Ice and Inspiring Generations

    Jim Luce
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    Kim Yuna: Shining on Ice and Inspiring Generations

    New York, N.Y. We hold Kim Yuna in high regard, not only for her unparalleled achievements in figure skating but also for her role as a thought leader and global citizen. Born on September 5, 1990, Kim Yuna’s journey from a young, talented skater to an Olympic gold medalist and influential public figure is a testament to her dedication, grace, and unwavering commitment to excellence.

    Kim Yuna captured the world’s attention at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, where she won the gold medal in figure skating at the age of 19. Her performance was nothing short of spectacular, earning the highest scores ever given under the International Skating Union Judging System at the time. We were in awe of her technical precision, artistic expression, and the sheer elegance with which she glided across the ice. Her victory was a proud moment for South Korea and a significant milestone in the history of the sport.

    What sets Kim Yuna apart is not just her athletic prowess but also her ability to inspire and connect with people globally. We admire how she has used her platform to advocate for various causes and bring attention to important issues. Her involvement in charitable activities and her role as a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador reflect her deep sense of responsibility and compassion. Kim Yuna’s efforts to promote education, support children in need, and advocate for disaster relief demonstrate her commitment to making a positive impact beyond the rink.

    Kim Yuna’s influence extends to her role as a cultural icon.

    Her success has inspired countless young athletes, particularly in South Korea, to pursue their dreams in figure skating and other sports. We appreciate how she has broken barriers and set new standards, showing that with hard work, determination, and passion, anything is possible. Her story resonates with many, encouraging them to strive for excellence and overcome challenges in their own lives.

    One of the most remarkable aspects of Kim Yuna’s career is her resilience.

    Despite facing immense pressure and expectations, she consistently delivered outstanding performances. Her ability to remain composed and focused under such circumstances is truly commendable. We are inspired by her perseverance and mental fortitude, qualities that are essential not only in sports but in all areas of life.

    Kim Yuna’s influence is also evident in the way she has elevated the sport of figure skating. Her performances have set new benchmarks for technical difficulty and artistic expression, pushing the boundaries of what is possible on the ice. We are grateful for her contributions to the sport, which have inspired a new generation of skaters to push their limits and innovate. Her legacy is one of excellence and continuous improvement, reminding us that there is always room for growth and innovation.

    Off the ice, Kim Yuna has continued to be a role model and advocate for positive change. Her involvement in promoting sports and healthy lifestyles, as well as her support for various philanthropic initiatives, highlight her multifaceted contributions to society. We admire her for using her influence to inspire others and make a difference in the world.

    Kim Yuna’s journey has not been without its challenges.

    From injuries to the intense scrutiny of the public eye, she has faced numerous obstacles with grace and determination. Her ability to overcome these challenges and emerge stronger is a testament to her character and resilience. We are inspired by her strength and her unwavering commitment to her goals, qualities that serve as a powerful example for all of us.

    We celebrate Kim Yuna’s remarkable achievements and her ongoing contributions to society. Her story is one of triumph, resilience, and the power of dedication. We are proud to support and honor her as she continues to inspire and influence people around the world. Kim Yuna’s legacy extends far beyond her Olympic gold medal; it is a legacy of excellence, compassion, and the relentless pursuit of greatness.

    Kim Yuna: Shining on Ice and Inspiring Generations (July 7, 2023)

    #KimYuna #FigureSkating #OlympicChampion #Inspiration #GlobalCitizen #SportsIcon #Philanthropy #SouthKoreanPride

    Tags: Kim Yuna, figure skating, Olympic gold medalist, UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, South Korean athlete, sports icon, resilience, cultural icon, philanthropy

    Jim Luce Writes Profiles & Obituaries

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    A Closer Look at PETA’s Ingrid Newkirk

    Jim Luce
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    A Closer Look at PETA’s Ingrid Newkirk

    [draft]

    Video: Global Voices for Animals – International Animal Rights Day

    Jim Luce
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    Video: Global Voices for Animals – International Animal Rights Day

    December 10 – Sharing a Day with Human Rights

    New York, N.Y. As global citizens and advocates for ethical treatment, we hold International Animal Rights Day close to our hearts. Celebrated annually on December 10th, this day is a powerful reminder of our duty to stand up for those who cannot speak for themselves. Originating from the Universal Declaration of Animal Rights proclaimed in 1998, International Animal Rights Day aligns with Human Rights Day, emphasizing that compassion and justice should extend to all sentient beings.

    International Animal Rights Day serves as a platform to reflect on the progress made in animal welfare and to renew our commitment to ending cruelty. It is a day when we unite with activists, organizations, and individuals worldwide to amplify the message that animals deserve respect and protection. This collective action is crucial in creating a world where animals are no longer exploited or abused.

    We admire the numerous organizations and activists who dedicate their lives to this cause. Groups like PETA, the Humane Society, and World Animal Protection have made significant strides in raising awareness and implementing change. Their campaigns and educational initiatives have shed light on the often-overlooked suffering of animals in industries such as agriculture, entertainment, fashion, and research. By exposing these injustices, they have mobilized public support and driven legislative reforms.

    On International Animal Rights Day, we are reminded of the power of education in transforming societal attitudes.

    Knowledge is a vital tool in our mission to protect animals. By educating people about the realities of animal cruelty and the benefits of compassionate living, we can inspire them to make ethical choices. Whether it’s adopting a plant-based diet, choosing cruelty-free products, or supporting animal-friendly policies, every action counts.

    We also acknowledge the importance of grassroots activism.

    Local animal rights groups and individual advocates play a crucial role in driving change from the ground up. Their tireless efforts to organize events, protests, and awareness campaigns create a ripple effect that influences communities and shifts cultural norms. International Animal Rights Day is an opportunity to celebrate these unsung heroes and their contributions to the movement.

    Legislation is another critical aspect of animal rights advocacy.

    On this day, we recognize the progress made in enacting laws that protect animals from harm. From banning animal testing for cosmetics to outlawing cruel practices in factory farming, these legal victories are milestones in our journey towards a more compassionate world. However, we also acknowledge the work that remains. Strengthening existing laws and advocating for new ones is essential in ensuring comprehensive protection for all animals.

    International Animal Rights Day also highlights the intersectionality of social justice movements.

    The fight for animal rights is intrinsically linked to other causes such as environmental conservation, public health, and human rights. By advocating for animals, we are also promoting sustainable practices, reducing environmental degradation, and fostering a more just and equitable society. This interconnectedness reinforces the idea that compassion and justice should be universal principles guiding our actions.

    We take this day to honor the legacy of pioneers in the animal rights movement.

    Visionaries like Peter Singer, who authored “Animal Liberation,” and Tom Regan, known for his work on animal rights philosophy, have laid the groundwork for contemporary advocacy. Their scholarly contributions have challenged us to rethink our relationship with animals and recognize their intrinsic value. We owe much of our progress to their pioneering efforts and intellectual rigor.

    Technology and innovation have also played a pivotal role in advancing animal rights.

    The rise of plant-based and lab-grown meat alternatives, for instance, offers a glimpse into a future where animals are no longer exploited for food. These innovations not only provide ethical options but also address pressing issues such as climate change and food security. International Animal Rights Day is a time to celebrate these advancements and advocate for their widespread adoption.

    As we commemorate International Animal Rights Day, we are filled with hope and determination.

    The journey towards animal liberation is long and fraught with challenges, but the progress made thus far inspires us to keep pushing forward. By uniting our voices and efforts, we can create a world where all beings are treated with the respect and compassion they deserve. This day serves as a beacon, guiding us towards a future where justice and empathy prevail.

    Global Voices for Animals: International Animal Rights Day (July 7, 2023)

    #InternationalAnimalRightsDay #AnimalRights #CompassionForAll #EthicalTreatment #GlobalCitizenship #AnimalWelfare #EndAnimalCruelty

    Tags: International Animal Rights Day, animal rights, animal welfare, PETA, Humane Society, World Animal Protection, grassroots activism, Peter Singer, Tom Regan, plant-based innovation, animal legislation, social justice

    Jim Luce Writes on Animal Rights & Animal Rescue

    Multiculturalism vs. Polyculturalism: Understanding the Nuances

    Jim Luce
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    Multiculturalism vs. Polyculturalism: Understanding the Nuances

    A balanced approach that incorporates elements of both frameworks can help societies navigate the complexities of cultural interactions. For instance, policies that promote cultural recognition and preservation can be complemented by initiatives that encourage cross-cultural dialogue and collaboration.

    New York, N.Y. In an increasingly interconnected world, the concepts of multiculturalism and polyculturalism play crucial roles in shaping societal attitudes towards diversity. While often used interchangeably, these terms represent distinct frameworks for understanding and managing cultural diversity. This essay explores the differences between multiculturalism and polyculturalism, highlighting their theoretical foundations, practical implications, and the challenges they pose to contemporary societies.

    Theoretical Foundations

    Multiculturalism is a framework that recognizes and celebrates the existence of multiple distinct cultures within a society. It emphasizes the importance of preserving and respecting the unique traditions, languages, and practices of different cultural groups. Rooted in the belief that cultural diversity enriches society, multiculturalism promotes the idea that all cultures should coexist peacefully and be given equal status and opportunities. This approach is often linked to policies that support cultural preservation and promote intercultural understanding.

    In contrast, polyculturalism challenges the notion of distinct, static cultural boundaries. It posits that cultures are not isolated entities but are constantly interacting, influencing, and blending with one another. Polyculturalism emphasizes the dynamic and fluid nature of cultural identities, suggesting that individuals can simultaneously belong to multiple cultural traditions. This perspective encourages a more integrative approach to diversity, focusing on the commonalities and shared experiences that arise from cultural interactions.

    Practical Implications

    The practical implications of multiculturalism are evident in policies and practices aimed at promoting cultural recognition and equality. Multicultural societies often implement measures such as bilingual education, cultural festivals, and anti-discrimination laws to ensure that minority groups are respected and included. For example, Canada’s official multiculturalism policy, established in 1971, promotes the idea that all citizens can keep their identities, take pride in their ancestry, and have a sense of belonging. Such policies are designed to protect cultural heritage and foster social cohesion by acknowledging and valuing diversity.

    Polyculturalism, on the other hand, encourages a more integrative approach that focuses on the interconnectedness of cultural experiences. Instead of emphasizing cultural preservation, polyculturalism highlights the ways in which cultural practices evolve through interaction and exchange. This perspective is reflected in initiatives that promote cultural hybridity and fusion. For instance, urban areas with diverse populations often become melting pots where new cultural expressions emerge, such as fusion cuisine, blended musical genres, and hybrid fashion trends. Polyculturalism thus celebrates the creativity and innovation that result from cultural mixing.

    Challenges and Criticisms

    Despite their positive intentions, both multiculturalism and polyculturalism face challenges and criticisms. Multiculturalism is sometimes criticized for promoting a form of cultural separatism. Critics argue that by emphasizing distinct cultural identities, multiculturalism can inadvertently reinforce divisions and hinder social integration. For example, policies that focus on preserving cultural traditions might limit interactions between different cultural groups, leading to parallel societies rather than a cohesive community. Additionally, multiculturalism can sometimes struggle to address power imbalances and systemic inequalities within society.

    Polyculturalism, while promoting cultural interaction, can be criticized for downplaying the importance of cultural distinctiveness. By focusing on the fluidity and interconnectedness of cultures, polyculturalism may overlook the need to address specific historical injustices and structural disadvantages faced by certain cultural groups. Moreover, the emphasis on cultural blending might lead to concerns about cultural appropriation, where elements of a minority culture are adopted by the dominant culture in ways that are disrespectful or exploitative.

    Moving Forward

    In moving forward, it is essential to recognize that both multiculturalism and polyculturalism offer valuable insights into managing cultural diversity. A balanced approach that incorporates elements of both frameworks can help societies navigate the complexities of cultural interactions. For instance, policies that promote cultural recognition and preservation can be complemented by initiatives that encourage cross-cultural dialogue and collaboration.

    Educational systems play a crucial role in fostering an inclusive society that values both cultural distinctiveness and interconnectedness. Incorporating multicultural and polycultural perspectives into curricula can help students appreciate the richness of cultural diversity while also understanding the ways in which cultures influence one another. Additionally, promoting intercultural competence and empathy can prepare individuals to engage with diverse cultural experiences in respectful and meaningful ways.

    While multiculturalism and polyculturalism offer different perspectives on cultural diversity, both contribute to the broader goal of creating inclusive and harmonious societies. By recognizing the strengths and limitations of each framework, societies can develop more nuanced and effective approaches to managing cultural diversity. Embracing the dynamic interplay between distinct cultural identities and shared human experiences can pave the way for a more interconnected and resilient global community.

    Multiculturalism vs. Polyculturalism: Understanding the Nuances (July 7, 2023)

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