Alcoholism

Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a chronic disease characterized by an inability to control alcohol consumption despite negative consequences. It can lead to physical dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and significant impacts on health, relationships, and daily life.

Signs and Symptoms:

• Strong cravings for alcohol
• Inability to limit drinking
• Developing a tolerance (needing more alcohol for the same effect)
• Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not drinking (e.g., sweating, shaking, anxiety)
• Neglecting responsibilities and activities
• Continuing to drink despite negative consequences

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Genetic predisposition
• Psychological factors (e.g., stress, trauma, mental health disorders)
• Social and environmental influences (e.g., peer pressure, culture, easy access)

Health Effects:

• Liver damage (cirrhosis, fatty liver, hepatitis)
• Heart disease and high blood pressure
• Increased risk of cancer (e.g., liver, throat, breast)
• Neurological damage (memory loss, cognitive decline)
• Mental health issues (depression, anxiety, psychosis)

Treatment Options:

• Detoxification: Medical supervision to manage withdrawal symptoms
• Therapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), counseling, support groups (AA)
• Medication: Naltrexone, Disulfiram, Acamprosate to reduce cravings and dependence
• Lifestyle Changes: Avoiding triggers, improving diet, engaging in healthy activities