Greek mythology, with its deep roots in oral and literary traditions, predates Roman mythology by over a millennium. It is a realm where gods and goddesses are portrayed with – often exaggerated – human traits, emotions, and physical forms. The Greeks envisioned their gods, for the most part, in a familiar human likeness. Attributing to them both the beauty and flaws of mortal beings. From the thunderous Zeus to the wise Athena, the gods were at the very core of Greek culture. They had an influence on everything from art to politics.
Roman mythology, on the other hand, emerged in a society profoundly influenced by the Greeks, yet distinct in its worldview and practices. The Romans, pragmatic and disciplined, adopted most of the Greek Gods and Goddesses into their own pantheon. Often changing their names and attributes to better align with Roman values and societal norms. For instance, the Greek god of war, Ares, known for his fierce and tumultuous nature, was transformed into Mars, a more disciplined and virtuous figure in Roman culture.
Greek Name | Roman Name | Role |
Zeus | Jupiter | King of the Gods |
Hera | Juno | Goddess of Marriage |
Poseidon | Neptune | God of the Sea |
Cronus | Saturn | Youngest son of Uranus, Father of Zeus |
Aphrodite | Venus | Goddess of Love |
Hades | Pluto | God of the Underworld |
Hephaestus | Vulcan | God of the Forge |
Demeter | Ceres | Goddess of the Harvest |
Apollo | Apollo | God of Music and Medicine |
Athena | Minerva | Goddess of Wisdom |
Artemis | Diana | Goddess of the Hunt |
Ares | Mars | God of War |
Hermes | Mercury | Messenger of the Gods |
Dionysus | Bacchus | God of Wine |
Persephone | Proserpine | Goddess of the Underworld |
Eros | Cupid | God of Love |
Gaia | Terra | Goddess of Earth |
Hypnos | Somnus | God of Sleep |
Rhea | Ops | Mother of Zeus / Wife of Cronus |
Uranus | Uranus | Father of the TITANS |
Nike | Victoria | Goddess of Victory |
Eos | Aurora | Goddess of the Dawn |
Pan | Faunus | God of shepherds |
Selene | Luna | Goddess of the Moon |
Helios | Sol | God of the Sun |
Heracles | Hercules | Son of Zeus |
Odysseus | Ulysses | Greek Hero |
A Look at Greek and Roman Gods (July 26, 2021)
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